Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications. Группа авторов

Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications - Группа авторов


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on their ability to form polymeric structures, such as films, gels, emulsions, microparticles, and nanoparticles, and (ii) as biological active materials/compounds that can be used for the development of novel pharmaceutical drugs or replace some of the currently used products [7,8]. Other applications include their use as sources of high‐value monomers, such as rare sugars (e.g. fucose, rhamnose, ribose, glucuronic acid, etc.), to generate oligosaccharides (e.g. galactooligosaccharides, fucooligosaccharides) that can be used in nutraceuticals [9].

      This chapter starts with a brief overview on microbial polysaccharide diversity in terms of functional properties and their main areas of application (Section 2.2), followed by a more detailed analysis of the currently more relevant and emerging areas (Sections 2.32.7).

      The possible multiple combinations of monomeric units in polysaccharide molecules, along with the stereospecificity of glycosidic linkages (α or β anomers), lead to very complex chemical structures ranging from linear homopolysaccharides to highly branched heteropolysaccharides. Molecular mass distribution, chemical composition, and structure, namely, the presence of ionizable groups that confer the polysaccharides a polyelectrolyte behavior, greatly affect their properties, as well as the nature and number of intra‐/intermolecular interactions. Moreover, the properties of polysaccharides may be altered using mixtures with other components, for example, by blending with other polymers or adding salts and crosslinking agents.

Microbial source Polysaccharide Biological activity References
Bacteria
Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 Fructan Antioxidant; anti‐inflammatory [17]
Bacillus licheniformis T4 Fructo‐fucan Anti‐cytotoxic; antiviral [18]
Bacillus tequilensis PS21 Heteropolysaccharide (xylose, glucose, ribose, rhamnose, galactose) Antioxidant [19]
Enterobacter A47 Heteropolysaccharide (fucose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, acetate, succinate, pyruvate) Antioxidant [20]
Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 Heteropolysaccharide (fucose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid) Antioxidant; antidiabetic; hypolipidemic [21]
Enterococcus faecium K1 Heteropolysaccharide (mannose, glucose, galactose) Hypocholesterolemic; antibiofilm; antioxidant [22]
Lactobacillus sp.Ca6 α‐(1,6)‐Glucan Antioxidant; antibacterial; wound healing [23]
Lactobacillus casei SB27 Heteropolysaccharide (galactose, glucose) Antitumor [24]
Lactobacillus gasseri FR4 Heteropolysaccharide (glucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, fucose) Antioxidant; antimicrobial [25]
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1 Heteropolysaccharide (mannose, arabinose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose) Antibacterial [26]
Lactobacillus plantarum BR2 Glucomannan Antioxidant; antidiabetic; hypocholesterolemic [27]
Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 β‐(1,3)‐Glucan Anti‐inflammatory; probiotic [28]
Pseudoalteromonas sp. S‐5 Heteropolysaccharide (mannose, glucose, galactose) Anticancer [29]
Fungi
Antrodia cinnamomea Heteropolysaccharide (fucose, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, mannose, sulfate) Anticancer [30]

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