The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Carol A. Chapelle
not deliberately taught. Journal of Pragmatics, 22, 157–67.
8 Bouton, L. F. (1999). Developing non‐native speaker skills in interpreting conversational implicatures in English: Explicit teaching can ease the process. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in second language teaching and learning (pp. 47–70). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
9 Brown, J. D. (2001). Six types of pragmatics tests in two different contexts. In K. Rose & G. Kasper (Eds.), Pragmatics in language teaching (pp. 301–25). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
10 Brown, J. D. (2008). Raters, functions, item types and the dependability of L2 pragmatics tests. In E. Alcón Soler & A. Martínez‐Flor (Eds.), Investigating pragmatics in foreign language learning, teaching and testing (pp. 224–48). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
11 Brown, J. D., & Ahn, R. C. (2011). Variables that affect the dependability of L2 pragmatics tests. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(1), 198–217.
12 Brown, P., & Levinson, S. D. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
13 Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
14 Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy. In J. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 2–27). London, England: Longman.
15 Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1–47.
16 Chapelle, C. A., Enright, M. K., & Jamieson, J. (2010). Does an argument‐based approach to validity make a difference? Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 29(1), 3–13.
17 Clift, R. (2016). Conversation analysis. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
18 Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
19 Crystal, D. (1997). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
20 Ewald, J. D. (2012). “Can you tell me how to get there?”: Naturally occurring versus role‐play data in direction giving. Pragmatics, 22(1), 79–102.
21 Galaczi, E. (2014). Interactional competence across proficiency levels: How do learners manage interaction in paired speaking tests? Applied Linguistics, 35(5), 553–74.
22 Galaczi, E., & Taylor, L. (2018). Interactional competence: Conceptualisations, operationalisations, and outstanding questions. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(3), 219–36.
23 Garfinkel, H. (1967). Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
24 Golato, A. (2003). Studying compliment responses: A comparison of DCTs and recordings of naturally occurring talk. Applied Linguistics, 24(1), 90–121.
25 Grabowski, K. (2009). Investigating the construct validity of a test designed to measure grammatical and pragmatic knowledge in the context of speaking (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Teachers College, Columbia University, New York.
26 Grabowski, K. (2013). Investigating the construct validity of a role‐play test designed to measure grammatical and pragmatic knowledge at multiple proficiency levels. In S. Ross & G. Kasper (Eds.), Assessing second language pragmatics (pp. 149–71). New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.
27 Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3, pp. 41–58). New York, NY: Academic Press.
28 Hall, J. K., & Pekarek Doehler, S. (2011). L2 interactional competence and development. In J. K. Hall, J. Hellermann, & S. Pekarek Doehler (Eds.), L2 interactional competence and development (pp. 1–15). Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters.
29 Heritage, J. (1984). Garfinkel and ethnomethodology. Cambridge, England: Polity.
30 Hudson, T., Detmer, E., & Brown, J. D. (1992). A framework for testing cross‐cultural pragmatics (Technical report #2). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
31 Hudson, T., Detmer, E., & Brown, J. D. (1995). Developing prototypic measures of cross‐cultural pragmatics (Technical report #7). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
32 Ikeda, N. (2017). Measuring L2 oral pragmatic abilities for use in social contexts: Development and validation of an assessment instrument for L2 pragmatics performance in university settings (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Melbourne, Australia.
33 Itomitsu, M. (2009). Developing a test of pragmatics of Japanese as a foreign language (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus.
34 Jacoby, S., & Ochs, E. (1995). Co‐construction: An introduction. Research on Language and Social lnteraction, 28(3), 171–83.
35 Kane, M. T. (2006). Validation. In R. L. Brennan (Ed.), Educational measurement (4th ed., pp. 17–64). Westport, CT: American Council on Education/Praeger Publishers.
36 Kasper, G. (2006). Speech acts in interaction: Towards discursive pragmatics. In K. Bardovi‐Harlig, J. C. Felix‐Brasdefer, & A. S. Omar (Eds.), Pragmatics & language learning (Vol. 11, pp. 281–314). University of Hawai'i at Manoa: National Foreign Language Resource Center.
37 Kramsch, C. (1986). From language proficiency to interactional competence. The Modern Language Journal, 70(4), 366–72.
38 Leech, G. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. London, England: Longman.
39 Litman, D., Strik, H., & Lim, G. S. (2018). Speech technologies and the assessment of second language speaking: Approaches, challenges, and opportunities. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(3), 294–309.
40 Liu, J. (2006). Measuring interlanguage pragmatic knowledge of EFL learners. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.
41 Matsumura, S. (2001). Learning the rules for offering advice: A quantitative approach to second language socialization. Language Learning, 51(4), 635–79.
42 Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (pp. 13–103). New York, NY: Macmillan.
43 Mey, J. L. (2001). Pragmatics: An introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
44 Okada, Y. (2010). Role‐play in oral proficiency interviews: Interactive footing and interactional competencies. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(6), 1647–68.
45 Purpura, J. (2004). Assessing grammar. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
46 Roever, C. (2001). A web‐based test of interlanguage pragmalinguistic knowledge: Speech acts, routines, implicatures (Unpublished PhD dissertation). University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
47 Roever, C. (2004). Difficulty and practicality in tests of interlanguage pragmatics. In D. Boxer & A. Cohen (Eds.), Studying speaking to inform language learning (pp. 283–301). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
48 Roever, C. (2005). Testing ESL pragmatics. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.
49 Roever, C. (2006). Validation of a web‐based test of ESL pragmalinguistics. Language Testing, 23(2), 229–56.
50 Roever, C. (2007). DIF in the assessment of second language pragmatics. Language Assessment Quarterly, 4(2), 165–89.
51 Roever, C., Fraser, C., & Elder, C. (2014). Testing ESL sociopragmatics: Development and validation of a web‐based test battery. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.
52 Ross, S. J. (2017). Interviewing for language proficiency. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
53 Schauer, G. A. (2006). Pragmatic awareness in ESL and EFL contexts: Contrast and development. Language Learning, 56(2), 269–318.
54 Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction: A primer in conversation analysis. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
55 Searle,