Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants. Bharat Singh

Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants - Bharat Singh


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By fusing the second aromatic ring with benzoquinone, the naphthaquinones are formed. Similarly, if both sides of benzoquinone fused with aromatic ring, then the formed molecule is called as anthraquinone. The many quinones are biosynthesized by acetate–malonate pathways, some from shikimic acid pathways, while few are generated by oxidative modification of secondary metabolites from a variety of other pathways (Seigler 1998).

Part 2 Ethomedicinal and Pharmacological Properties, Chemical Structures, Culture Conditions of Secondary Metabolites

      2.1.1 Ethnopharmacological Properties and Phytochemistry

      Abutilon indicum L. (Fam. – Malvaceae) aerial parts and roots have been used for treating inflammations, ulcer, diarrhea, pains, stomach ailments, diabetes, and wounds (Jayaweera 2006; Khare 2010; Ushakumari et al. 2012). Traditional practitioners used the plant to treat diseases like gout, tuberculosis, ulcer, jaundice, leprosy, gonorrhea, bronchitis, lumbago malarial fever, piles, dental problems, and other bleeding disorders (Algesaboopathi 1994; Yoganarsimha 2000; Muthu et al. 2006; Nisha and Rajeshkumar 2010). The grounded leaves of this plant species mixed with wheat flour are used for treating uterus in Indian system of medicine (Mohapatra and Sahoo 2008). There are reports of topical application of leaf paste on the spot of scorpion bite to relieve pain (Dinesh et al. 2013). Flowers of this plant are used by tribal population in Southern India to increase the concentration of semen in men (Ramachandran 2008). Abutilon indicum is found in tropical and subtropical regions of India–China and has therapeutic uses as febrifuge, anthelmintic, antiemetic, and anti-inflammatory and in urinary and uterine discharges, piles, and lumbago (Nadkarni 1954; Chopra et al. 1958; Subramanian and Nair 1972; Badami, et al. 1975; Gaind and Chopra 1976). Seeds are used in a decoction to treat cough (Yasmin et al. 2008). Ethyl acetate fraction of Abutilon grandiflorum showed antimalarial activity (Beha et al. 2004). A. indicum demonstrated hypoglycemic (Seetharam et al. 2002), anxiolytic (Tirumalasetty et al. 2011), antiulcer (Malgi et al. 2009), hepatoprotective (Porchezhian and Ansari 2005), antimicrobial (Poonkothai 2006; Edupuganti et al. 2015), anticonvulsant (Golwala et al. 2010), antidiarrheal (Chandrashekhar et al. 2004), antioxidant (Yasmin et al. 2010), antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory (Tripathi et al. 2012; Kaladhar et al. 2014) activities (Abat et al. 2017).


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