Biostatistics Decoded. A. Gouveia Oliveira
12.5 Different Variances 12.6 Comparison to a Control 12.7 Comparison of post hoc Tests 12.8 Complex Comparisons 12.9 Tests of Multiple Contrasts 12.10 A posteriori Contrasts 12.11 The Size of an Experiment
17 13 Factorial ANOVA 13.1 The n‐Way ANOVA 13.2 The 2k Factorial Design 13.3 The 2k Factorial Design with Blocking 13.4 The Fractional Factorial Design
18 14 Nested Designs 14.1 Split–Plot Design 14.2 Nested (Hierarchical) Design 14.3 Mixed Model Nested ANOVA 14.4 Mixed Model Nested ANOVA with Three Sublevels 14.5 Pure Model II Nested ANOVA
19 15 Repeated Measures 15.1 Repeated Measures ANOVA 15.2 Repeated Measures ANOVA with Two Factors 15.3 ANOVA with Several Repeated Measures 15.4 Multivariate Tests
20 16 Clinical Trials 16.1 Classification of Clinical Trials 16.2 The Clinical Trial Population 16.3 The Efficacy Criteria 16.4 Controlled Clinical Trials 16.5 The Control Group 16.6 Blinding 16.7 Randomization 16.8 Non‐comparative Clinical Trials 16.9 Regression Toward the Mean 16.10 Non‐randomized Controlled Clinical Trials 16.11 Classical Randomized Clinical Trial Designs 16.12 Alternative Clinical Trial Designs 16.13 Pragmatic Clinical Trials 16.14 Cluster Randomized Trials 16.15 The Size of a Clinical Trial 16.16 Non‐inferiority Clinical Trials 16.17 Adaptive Clinical Trials 16.18 Group Sequential Plans 16.19 The Alpha Spending Function 16.20 The Clinical Trial Protocol 16.21 The Data Record
21 17 Analysis of Clinical Trials 17.1 General Analysis Plan 17.2 Data Preparation 17.3 Study Populations 17.4 Primary Efficacy Analysis 17.5 Analysis of Multiple Endpoints 17.6 Secondary Analyses 17.7 Safety Analysis
22 18 Meta‐analysis 18.1 Purpose of Meta‐analysis 18.2 Measures of Effect 18.3 The Inverse Variance Method 18.4 The Random Effects Model 18.5 Heterogeneity 18.6 Publication Bias 18.7 The Forest Plot
23 References
24 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Using statistics for predictions. Age‐ and sex‐specific prevalenc...Figure 1.2 Examples of commonly used ordinal scales.Figure 1.3 Difference between an ordinal and an interval scale.Figure 1.4 Comparison of the mean and the median in an asymmetrical distribu...Figure 1.5 Classical view of the purpose of sampling.Figure 1.6 Relationship between representativeness and sample size in the cl...Figure 1.7 Modern view of the purpose of sampling. The purpose of sampling i...Figure 1.8 Inference with binary attributes.Figure 1.9 Inference with interval attributes I.Figure 1.10 Inference with interval