A Manual of Philippine Birds. Richard C. McGregor
on greater coverts, which show traces of dusky bars; lesser coverts, alula, primary-coverts, and quills blackish brown; first primary with a white shaft, all the quills rather paler brown on inner web; long inner secondaries tawny on both webs, with dark brown centers and notches; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish, mottled with spots of ashy white, with which color also the feathers are tipped; upper tail-coverts regularly barred with ashy and blackish; tail-feathers ashy gray narrowly barred with blackish; bars six in number, but not always strictly continuous across the feathers; crown blackish, feathers slightly margined with sandy buff; along center of crown a pale streak of the latter color; lores, eyebrow, and sides of face uniform isabelline buff; upper margins of ear-coverts slightly streaked with dark brown; throat whitish; lower throat and fore neck sandy buff like the sides of body, the former streaked, and the latter barred with dusky brown; center of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts isabelline whitish; under wing-coverts and axillars pale sandy buff, with bars of dusky brown, mostly triangular in shape, the axillars having a slight vinaceous tinge. ‘Bill blackish brown, flesh-color at base of lower mandible; feet gray; iris dark brown.’ (Dybowski.) Length, 330; culmen, 44; wing, 180; tail, 72; tarsus, 46. (Sharpe.)
“Obtained by Bourns in 1888, while with the Steere Expedition, and not mentioned by Steere.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.)
Genus LIMOSA Brisson, 1760.
Legs and bill long and slender, the latter gently curved upward; culmen, 100 mm. or more.
Species.
a1. Tail barred with blackish brown and white. baueri (p. 120)
a2. Tail with a white base and broad, black, terminal band; upper tail-coverts pure white. limosa (p. 121)
103. LIMOSA BAUERI Naumann.
PACIFIC GODWIT.
Limosa baueri Naumann, Vög. Deutschl. (1834), 8, 429.
Limosa novæ-zealandiæ Gray, Gen. Birds (1847), 3, 570; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 377; Hand-List (1899), 1, 159; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 25.
Bantayan (McGregor); Bohol (Everett, McGregor); Cuyo (McGregor); Luzon (Celestino); Negros (Steere Exp.); Samar (Whitehead). Alaska and eastern Siberia; south in winter to Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania.
“Adult male in breeding plumage.—Above blackish mottled with pale chestnut-red; wing-coverts dark brown, with white edgings; many of the coverts tinged with chestnut, especially inner greater coverts; alula, primary-coverts, and quills blackish; secondaries brown, edged with white, a longitudinal, subterminal mark of white along inner web; innermost secondaries like the back; feathers of lower back and rump blackish with white edges; upper tail-coverts barred with black and white or chestnut and black; tail brown, tipped and barred with white, the bars sometimes tinged with chestnut; crown-feathers chestnut, streaked with blackish brown centers, narrower on hind neck; broad eyebrow chestnut; lores and sides of face chestnut with numerous blackish spots on lores; a whitish spot under eye; lower parts chestnut with blackish streaks on sides of upper breast; under wing-coverts white with indistinct, dusky brown spots; axillars white barred with dusky brown. ‘Bill clear reddish for its basal half, blackish toward the terminal part, the base of the lower mandible paler; feet blackish brown; iris brown.’ (Taczanowski.) Length, 395; wing, 220; tail, 77; culmen, 86; tarsus, 52; middle toe with claw, 36.
“Adult female in breeding plumage.—Similar to the male, but not so entirely cinnamon-rufous below, and with remains of brown bars on the under surface, especially on the flanks. Length, 406; culmen, 109; wing, 240; tail, 82; tarsus, 58.
“Young.—The young birds may be told from the adults in winter plumage by their more tawny color, and by the ashy gray shade on the throat and chest, as well as by the fulvescent bars and notches to the feathers of the upper surface.” (Sharpe.)
Winter plumage.—Above ashy brown with rusty shaft-lines; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts white with more or less hidden black arrow marks of dark brown, these taking the form of bars on longest coverts; below nearly pure white; slightly dusky on breast and with a few narrow shaft-lines on breast; under tail-coverts with broken, dusky bars; primaries blackish brown; wing-coverts and secondaries with broken, dusky bars; primaries blackish brown; coverts and secondaries gray with blackish shaft-lines and hoary edges.
Birds taken in the Philippines in the spring are in the white and gray winter dress, but in the autumn (September) many individuals arrive in nearly perfect breeding plumage, while others are in mixed plumage, showing numerous light feathers among the dark and chestnut feathers of the summer dress.
104. LIMOSA LIMOSA (Linnæus).
BLACK-TAILED GODWIT.
Scolopax limosa Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 147.
Limosa limosa Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 381; Hand-List (1899), 1, 159; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 40; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 25.
Limosa belgica Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 254, fig. 59 (head).
Luzon (Celestino); Negros (Everett, Steere Exp.); Samar (Whitehead). Central and northern Europe to valley of Ob River; in winter Mediterranean countries and northeastern Africa.
“Adult male in winter plumage.—Above ashy brown, with slightly paler edges to the feathers; lower back and rump blackish brown; upper tail-coverts white, long ones tipped with black; lesser wing-coverts darker brown than back; median coverts dusky brown, lighter brown externally and fringed with white, forming a wing-band; alula blackish; primary-coverts blackish, the inner ones broadly tipped with white; primaries blackish, with white shafts, the greater part of the inner webs white, and then subterminally brown, the white extending to the base of the outer web on all but the first primary and increasing in extent on the inner primaries and secondaries, the latter being white with broad, blackish tips, which gradually diminish in size on the inner secondaries; the innermost secondaries brown like the back; tail white at the base, with a broad, black, terminal band, gradually decreasing in size toward the outer feathers, which are edged with white at the tip, the center feathers brownish at the tip; head ashy brown, the forehead more hoary; an indistinct whitish eyebrow extending from the base of the nostril to behind the eye; lores dusky gray; below the eye a whitish spot; sides of face, sides of neck, throat, and chest light ashy brown, a little darker on the sides of the body; fore part of cheeks and upper throat white, as well as the whole of the center of the breast, abdomen, under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillars; edge of wing mottled with dark brown bases to the feathers; quill-lining white. ‘Bill pale fleshy, blackish brown at the tip; feet olivaceous-green, toes blackish brown; iris brown.’ (Hume.) Length, 417; culmen, 112; wing, 223; tail, 76; tarsus, 81.
“Adult female in winter plumage.—Similar to the male in color, but rather larger. ‘Bill livid pink, blackish horny at the tip; feet blackish plumbeous, toes brownish; iris brown.’ (Hume.) Length, 444; culmen, 127; wing, 216; tail, 76; tarsus, 85.
“Adult male in summer plumage.—Differs in having the back more or less mottled with rufous and black, crown rufous with short, broad streaks of black, sides of face and entire neck all round rufous, fore neck and breast overshaded with rufous and barred with dusky blackish, these bars also developed on abdomen and on the sides of body.
“Adult female in summer plumage.—Similar to the male, but with less rufous, and distinguished by the larger size.
“Young.—Distinguished from the adults by being darker