A Manual of Philippine Birds. Richard C. McGregor
Bohol (Everett, McGregor); Cagayancillo (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor); Cebu (Everett, McGregor); Cuyo (McGregor); Leyte (Everett); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Whitehead); Malanipa (Murray); Mindanao (Steere Exp., Goodfellow); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Platen, White); Siquijor (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor). Eastern Siberia; in winter China to Malay Archipelago and Australia.
“Adult male in winter plumage.—Above uniform ashy gray, with slightly indicated light ashy margins; scapulars like the back; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts purer gray than the back, with distinct whitish edges; the long upper tail-coverts with subterminal dusky bars; wing-coverts like back, with paler margins, greater series margined with white; primary-coverts and quills blackish, externally washed with ashy and fringed with white, inner secondaries ashy gray like the back, fringed with whitish; tail-feathers uniform ashy, with narrow whitish margins; head and neck like back; base of forehead and large supra-loral spot white, extending in a narrow streak above the eye; lores blackish; sides of face and ear-coverts white; the upper edge of the latter ashy gray; cheeks and under surface of body pure white, with a shade of ashy gray over the fore neck and chest; sides of breast and flanks also ashy gray, as well as the outer aspect of the thighs; under wing-coverts and axillars ashy gray, fringed with white at the ends; quills below ashy, lighter along the inner edges. ‘Bill blackish gray, light brownish gray at base of lower mandible; feet light ocher-yellow, joints with a faint greenish tinge; iris dark brown.’ (Stejneger.) Length, 223; wing, 162.
“Adult female in winter plumage.—Similar to the male. ‘Bill black, grayish yellow at base; feet dirty chrome-yellow; claws black.’ (Everett.) Length, 229; culmen, 37; wing, 157; tail, 71; tarsus, 32.
“Young in winter plumage.—Differs from the winter plumage of the adults in having the wing-coverts, scapulars, and back mottled with white dots on the outer webs of the feathers.
“The adult birds appear to molt into winter plumage after quitting their summer haunts for southern latitudes, arriving with worn and abraded feathers, but with the barred under surface of the breeding dress.
“Adult male in breeding plumage.—Resembles the winter plumage as regards the upper surface of the body being entirely ashy gray, but differs in the coloring of the lower surface, which is profusely spotted and barred. The throat is white, but the cheeks, lower throat, and fore neck are spotted and streaked with dusky blackish; the chest and breast, as well as the sides of the body and flanks, are also barred with dusky blackish, with a few bars on the under tail-coverts. ‘Bill brown; feet yellow-ocher; iris dark brown.’ (H. Whitely.) Length, 241; culmen, 38; wing, 155; tail, 66; tarsus, 29.
“Adult female in breeding plumage.—Does not differ from the male. Length, 241; culmen, 38; wing, 152; tail, 66; tarsus, 30.” (Sharpe.)
This tattler occurs in great numbers during migration and may be found feeding on tide-flats.
Genus ACTITIS Illiger, 1811.
Bill straight; culmen, tarsus, and middle toe with claw subequal; back and rump uniform in color; secondaries nearly as long as primaries.
108. ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnæus).
COMMON SANDPIPER.
Tringa hypoleucos Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 149.
Tringoides hypoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 456; Hand-List (1899), 1, 161; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 45.
Actitis hypoleucus McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 26.
Agutaya (McGregor); Balabac (Everett); Bantayan (McGregor); Basilan (Steere Exp.); Batan (McGregor); Bohol (Everett); Cagayancillo (McGregor); Cagayan Sulu (Guillemard, McGregor); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Calayan (McGregor); Camiguin S. (Murray); Cebu (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Cuyo (McGregor); Guimaras (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Jagor, Everett, Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Murray, Everett); Mindoro (Schmacker, McGregor, Porter); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Everett, Platen, Whitehead, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, White); Panay (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Bourns & Worcester); Sibay (McGregor & Worcester); Siquijor (Celestino); Ticao (McGregor); Verde (McGregor). Africa, Europe, and northern Asia; south in winter from Indian Peninsula to Australia.
“Adult male in breeding plumage.—Above bronzy brown, the feathers with arrow-shaped central markings of black, which take the form of bars on scapulars and inner secondaries, wing-coverts bronzy brown like the back, but regularly barred with blackish; median and greater coverts with ashy fringes, the latter rather broadly tipped with white; alula, primary-coverts, and quills brown with an olive gloss; secondaries tipped with white and having a broad white base; inner secondaries like the back; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts like the back; lateral coverts barred with blackish and with white on outer web; tail-feathers bronzy brown, with irregular cross-bars of blackish brown; middle feathers narrowly, outer feathers broadly, tipped with white, penultimate feather barred with white on outer web, outermost feather almost entirely white with a little brown on inner web, which is barred with blackish; crown and neck bronzy brown, with narrow mesial shaft-lines of blackish brown, a narrow superciliary line of whitish, extending from base of bill; sides of face bronzy brown, with blackish shaft-lines to the feathers; fore part of cheeks and under surface pure white, with dusky streaks on the throat, these being a little longer on chest, the sides of latter and sides of upper breast brown; under wing-coverts white, mottled with blackish bases, especially distinct on edge of wing; axillars pure white; quills dusky below, white toward base of inner web. ‘Bill dusky above, brownish gray beneath; feet grayish, tinged with green, claws black; iris brown.’ (Macgillivray.) Length, 203; culmen, 28; wing, 104; tail, 51; tarsus, 24.
“Adult female in breeding plumage.—Similar to the male in color, but not quite so heavily marked, and the streaks on the fore neck and chest less pronounced. Length, 178; culmen, 28; wing, 109; tail, 61; tarsus, 22.
“Adult in winter plumage.—A little more bronzy olive than in summer, and uniform above, without the black central streaks and black spear-shaped spots which are characteristic of the summer dress; the streaks on the throat are also much narrower and not so distinct.
“Young.—Easily distinguished by the cross-bars of sandy or reddish buff and dusky brown, which give the upper surface a freckled appearance; throat uniform, with scarcely any indications of streaks on the lower part.” (Sharpe.)
The common sandpiper is widely distributed and is often found along fresh-water streams as well as near the sea.
Genus TEREKIA Bonaparte, 1838.
Bill curved upward; tarsus longer than middle toe with claw and less than two-thirds of culmen; wings long, when folded extending to or beyond the end of tail.
109. TEREKIA CINEREA (Güldenstädt).
AVOCET SANDPIPER.
Scolopax cinerea Güldenstädt, Novi Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. (1775), 19, 473, pl. 19.
Terekia cinerea Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1896), 24, 474; Hand-List (1899), 1, 161; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 47; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 26.
Bohol (Everett); Cebu (McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester);