Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence. Laura E. Levine
concepts of individualism and collectivism.
Chapter 2. Theory and Research in Development
New Journey of Research: The Case of Henrietta Lacks.
New or updated topics include the use of augmented reality for the treatment of phobias, the importance of replication and effect sizes in understanding research results, and information on the ethical treatment of children in research.
New examples are provided for the modern application of operant conditioning, Piagetian theory, and dynamic systems theory.
New table compares Erikson’s stages of development with Nsamenang’s stages based on African cultural norms.
Chapter 3. Nature Through Nurture: Genes and Environment
New Active Learning on concordance rates in genetic research.
New topics include genome-wide association tests, the CRISPR approach to gene editing, genetic screening of newborns, and the association between racial identity and genetic inheritance.
New or updated information is provided on genetic tests and gene therapy, the role of the environment in moderating the effects of genes on intelligence and pubertal timing, and the study of identical twins reared apart.
Chapter 4. Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the Transition to Parenthood
New topics include the prenatal effects of environmental pollutants (including endocrine disruptors) and the role of exercise while pregnant.
New or updated information is provided on the influence of prenatal hormones on gender differences in the brain, the effect of prenatal maternal smoking on child obesity and susceptibility to asthma, the effects of opiates on prenatal development, co-sleeping with infants, and the effect of hormonal changes on the brains of new parents.
New or expanded discussion of cultural issues includes racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences in prenatal care and maternal mortality; cultural differences in birthing practices and the transition to parenthood; and a cross-country comparison of differences in paid parental leave.
Chapter 5. Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
New or updated information is provided on the development of brain structure and function, the role of mirror neurons, the impact of electronic media on the sleep habits of infants and toddlers, and the threat of outbreaks of communicable diseases in U.S. because of vaccine refusal.
Information on autism spectrum disorder has been updated to reflect changes in DSM-5.
Information on breastfeeding has been updated and summarized in a new table, and a discussion of the backlash against the heavy promotion of breastfeeding has been added.
New or expanded discussion of cultural issues includes cultural variations in motor milestones and sleep patterns of infants.
Chapter 6. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Two new Active Learning features, one on how the infant brain uses data crunching to learn language, and one on the effect of background TV on infants’ social interactions.
New topics include moral knowledge and social cognition in infancy.
New, expanded, or updated information is provided on the theory of core knowledge, aspects of executive functioning, the information processing approach to studying infant intelligence, media use in infancy and toddlerhood, and the prevalence of child poverty.
New or expanded discussion of cultural issues includes infant memory and child-directed speech.
Chapter 7. Social and Emotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
New or updated information is provided on the role of early brain development in emotional regulation; emotion coaching and emotion dismissing parenting styles; the biology of attachment, including how infants in the different attachment categories respond to stress; and updated statistics on labor force participation by mothers of young children.
New or expanded discussion of cultural issues includes how parents transmit cultural expectations to their infants, cultural differences in what is considered adaptive attachment, examples of what constitutes a family, and a cross-country comparison of availability of early child care.
Chapter 8. Physical Development in Early Childhood
New Active Learning feature on living with a severe allergy.
New topic: skin cancer and sunscreen.
New or updated information is provided on Hispanic children’s attitudes about weight, the “old friends hypothesis” as counterpoint to the hygiene hypothesis of allergies, possible causes of autism spectrum disorders, and the consequences of child maltreatment, including psychological and emotional abuse.
New table: Healthy sexual development in children.
Updated statistics provided on the incidence of autism spectrum disorder, asthma, childhood cancer, fatal injuries, ethnic differences in rates of child maltreatment, and childhood obesity.
Chapter 9. Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
New topics include Bruner’s concept of scaffolding with a new example, lying and theory of mind, Montessori and Reggio Emilia preschool programs, effective prereading programs for at-risk children, and research on whether educational apps help young children learn.
New or updated information is provided on how teachers can foster executive function, six types of understanding about what constitutes theory of mind, the impact of play on motivation for learning and executive function, and the impact of income supplementation on children in low income families.
New or expanded discussion of cultural issues includes the development of theory of mind, play, the use of dialogic reading, writing patterns in different languages, ages when children start school, and the effectiveness of Sesame Street in different countries.
Chapter 10. Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood
New topics include emotional intelligence and the RULER skills, gender self-socialization, transgender identity, and the social domain theory of moral development.
New or updated information is provided on media, self-esteem and social values; how parents can help children cope with trauma; and the relation between secure attachment and effortful control.
New or expanded discussion of cultural issues includes guilt and shame in different cultures, the effect of cultural values in shaping children’s autobiographical memory, parenting practices and children’s delay of gratification, and the effect of different parenting styles in different ethnic groups.
Chapter 11. Physical Development in Middle Childhood
New Active Learning features on finding sources of support for families of children with chronic illnesses and on stress and coping.
New topics include human growth hormones and growth hormone deficiency, eating disorders in middle childhood, the effects of childhood chronic illness on the family system, the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and neurodiversity.
New or updated information is provided on body image