Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. James C. Kessler

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— — — — Christensen¹⁹ Survey 731 — 7.3 y 13.8 y — 20.6 y 12.7 y 20.6 y 20.6 y 20.6 y 22.2 y — — Smales²⁰ Clinical 768 — — 72.8% at 15 y 72.6% at 15 y — — — — — — — — Maryniuk and Kaplan²¹ Survey 571 — — 11.2 y 6.1 y 12.7 y — — — 14.7 y 12.7 y — — Robbins and Summit²² Clinical 128 — — — 50% at 11.5 y — — — — — — — — Mount²⁴ Clinical 1,283 93% at 7 y — —— — — — — — — — — — Schwartz et al²⁵ Clinical 791 — — —— — 11 y — — — 10.3 y — 8.5 y — Walton et al²⁶ Clinical 451 — — — — 11.2 y — — — 7.1 y 6.3 y 8.2 y — Kerschbaum²⁷ Clinical 9,737 — — — — — — — — 91.5% at 8 y — — — Leempoel et al²⁸ Clinical 10,000 — — — — — — — — 98% at 10 y 95.3% at 10 y^† 82% at 10 y — Swift and Friedman²⁹ Clinical 372 — — — — — — — — — — — 50% at 6.5 y Burke and Lucarotti³⁰ Clinical 2,562 — — — — — — — — — — — 53% at 11 y Bernardo et al³¹ Clinical 1,748 — 50.0%–93.6% at 7 y^† 90.5% at 7 y 81.8% at 7 y — — — — — — — —

      —, not included in study. *A complilation and interpretation of five clinical studies. ^†Average of survival rates for anterior, premolar, and molar crowns. ^†Inversely varied with no. of surfaces restored.

      7 Treatment Planning for the Replacement of Missing Teeth

      The need to replace missing teeth is obvious to the patient when the edentulous space is in the anterior segment of the mouth, but it is equally important in the posterior region. It is tempting to think of the dental arch as a static entity, but that is certainly not the case. It is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with the teeth supporting each other (Fig 7-1). When a tooth is lost, the structural integrity of the dental arch is disrupted, and there is a subsequent realignment of teeth as a new state of equilibrium is achieved. Teeth adjacent to or opposing the edentulous space frequently move into it (Fig

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