The Criticism of the New Testament. Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
in very short στίχοι consisting of from one to three words each, the Latin words always standing opposite to the corresponding Greek. This peculiar arrangement points decisively to the West of Europe as its country, notwithstanding the abundance of Alexandrian forms has led some to refer it to Egypt. The very large, bold, thick, rude uncials, without break in the words and without accents, lead us up to the end of the sixth century as its date. The Latin is not of Jerome's or the Vulgate version, but is made to correspond closely with the Greek, even in its interpolations and rarest various readings. The contrary supposition that the Greek portion of this codex Latinised , or had been altered to coincide with the Latin, is inconsistent with the facts of the case. This manuscript contains only the Acts of the Apostles (from ch. xxvi. 29 παυλος to ch. xxviii. 26 λέγον being lost), and exhibits a remarkable modification of the text, of which we shall speak in Chapter VII. That the book was once in Sardinia, appears from an edict of Flavius Pancratius, συν θεω απο επαρχων δουξ σαρδινιας, appended (as also is the Apostles' Creed in Latin, and some other foreign matter) in a later hand: Imperial governors ruled in that island with the title of dux from the reign of Justinian, a.d. 534 to a.d. 749. It was probably among the Greek volumes brought into England by the fellow-countryman of St. Paul, Theodore of Tarsus205, “the grand old man” as he has been called by one of kindred spirit to his own (Dean Hook, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. i. p. 150), who came to England as Primate at the age of sixty-six, a.d. 668, and died in 690. At all events, Mill (N. T. Proleg. §§ 1022–6)206 has rendered it all but certain, that the Venerable Bede [d. 735] had this very codex before him when he wrote his “Expositio Retractata” of the Acts207, and Woide (Notitia Cod. Alex., p. 156, &c.) has since alleged six additional instances of agreement between them. The manuscript, however, must have been complete when Bede used it, for he cites in the Latin ch. xxvii. 5; xxviii. 2. Tischendorf (Proleg. p. xv) adds ch. xxvii. 1, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17: but these last instances are somewhat uncertain. This manuscript, with many others, was presented to the University of Oxford in the year 1636, by its munificent Chancellor, Archbishop Laud. Thomas Hearne, the celebrated antiquary, published a full edition of it in 1715, which is now very scarce, and was long known to be far from accurate. Sabatier in 1751 gave the Latin of it taken from Hearne. Tischendorf has published a new edition, from two separate collations made by himself in 1854 and 1865, in the ninth volume by way of Appendix to his “Monumenta sacra inedita,” 1870. It is also found in vol. ii of Hansell's edition of the Ancient Texts, published at the Clarendon Press in 1864. Cod. E has been stated to have capital letters at the commencement of each of the Euthalian sections, but as the capitals occur at other places where the sense is broken but slightly (e.g. ch. xvii. 20), this circumstance does not prove that those sections were known to the scribe. It is in size 10-¼ inches by 8-½, and consists of 227 leaves of twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, or twenty-six lines each; about fifteen leaves are lost: the vellum is rather coarse in quality, and the ink in many places very faint. There seem to be no stops nor breathings, except an aspirate over initial upsilon ([symbol] or ὑ, sometimes υ or υ [with diaresis]) almost invariably. The shape of xi is more complicated than usual (see our facsimile, No. 25); the other letters (e.g. delta or psi) are such as were common in the sixth or early in the seventh century. There are also many changes by a later uncial hand. Mr. Hansell (Ancient Texts, Oxford, 1864), as well as Tischendorf, exhibits one whole page in zinco-photography.
Fa. Cod. Coislin. I.
G. Tischendorf, in his eighth edition of the N. T., assigns this letter (formerly appropriated to Cod. L) to one octavo leaf of the seventh century, now at St. Petersburg, written in thick uncials without accents, torn from the wooden cover of a Syriac book, and containing Acts ii. 45-iii. 8. It has a few rare and valuable readings. Dr. Hort (Supplement to Tregelles, p. 1021) cites it as Ga.
Gb. Vaticanus Romanus 9671 [iv?] fol., ff. 5 (22), palimpsest. See Gregory, Prolegomena, p. 414.
H. Cod. Mutinensis [cxcvi], ii. G. 3, of the Acts, in the Grand Ducal Library at Modena, is an uncial copy of about the ninth century, defective in Acts i. 1-v. 28; ix. 39-x. 19; xiii. 36-xiv. 3, all supplied by a cursive hand [h], “in my judgement … scarcely later” (Burgon), and in xxvii. 4-xxviii. 31 (written in uncials of about the eleventh century). The Epistles are in cursive letters of the twelfth century, indicated in the Catholic Epistles by h, in the Pauline by 179. Scholz first collated it loosely, as usual; then Tischendorf in 1843, Tregelles in 1846, afterwards comparing their collations for mutual correction.
I. Cod. Petropolit. or Tischendorfian. II.
K. Cod. Mosquensis, S. Synodi No. 98, is Matthaei's g, and came from the monastery of St. Dionysius on Mount Athos. It contains the Catholic Epistles entire, but not the Acts; and the Pauline Epistles are defective only in Rom. x. 18–1 Cor. vi. 13; 1 Cor. viii. 7–11. Matthaei alone has collated this document, and judging from his facsimile (Cath. Epp. 1782) it seems to belong to the ninth century. This copy is Scholz's Act. 102, Paul. 117. It is not so thoroughly known but that it is often necessary to cite its readings ex silentio.
L (formerly G). Cod. Biblioth. Angelicae A. 2. 15, belonging to the Augustinian monks at Rome, formerly “Cardinalis Passionei,” contains the Acts from ch. viii. 10, μισ του θεου to the end, the Catholic Epistles complete, and the Pauline down to Heb. xiii. 10, οὐκ ἔχουσιν, of a date not earlier than the middle of the ninth century. It was collated in part by Bianchini and Birch, in full by Scholz (1820, J. Paul) and by F. F. Fleck (1833). Tischendorf in 1843, Tregelles in 1845, collated it independently, and subsequently compared their papers, as they have done in several other instances.
M of Gregory (Gb), fol., ff. 5 (22), palimpsest, containing fragments of Acts xvi-xviii of the eighth or ninth century, was published by Cozza (Sacr. Bibl. Vetust. Frag. iii: Rome, 1877). It was transferred to the Vatican (No. 9671) from the Greek convent of Grotta Ferrata.
P. Cod. Porphyrianus is a palimpsest containing the Acts, all the Epistles, the Apocalypse, and a few fragments of 4 Maccabees, of the ninth century, found by Tischendorf in 1862 at St. Petersburg in the possession of the Archimandrite (now Bishop) Porphyry, who allowed him to take it to Leipsic to decipher. He has published it at length in his “Monumenta sacra inedita,” vol. v, vi, whence Tregelles derived its readings for the Pauline Epistles and the Apocalypse. In the latter book it is especially useful, and generally confirms Codd. AC, though it is often with Cod. א, sometimes against all the rest. It has the αρ [with χ over them] and τε [with circumflex over them] of Church lessons in the margin, and is defective (besides a few words or letters lost here and there) in Acts i. 1-ii. 15; 1 John iii. 20-v. 1; Jude 4–15; Rom. ii. 16-iii. 5; viii. 33-ix. 11; xi. 22-xii. 1; 1 Cor. vii. 16, 17; xii. 23-xiii. 5; xiv. 23–39; 2 Cor. ii. 14, 15; Col. iii. 16-iv. 8; 1 Thess. iii. 5-iv. 17; Apoc. xvi. 13-xvii. 1; xx. 1–9; xxii. 6–21. Moreover James ii. 12–21; 2 Pet. i. 20-ii. 5 are barely legible. Mr. Hammond (Outlines of Textual Criticism) has taken from Tischendorf's fifth volume a neat facsimile of it in Acts iv. 10–15, comprising uncials of the latest form, leaning to the right, lying under cursive writing (Heb. vii. 17–25), some four centuries more recent. Dr. Hort (Supplement to Tregelles, p. xxx) states that in the Acts the text of Cod. P is almost exclusively of a very late type, but that it contains a much larger though varying proportion of various readings elsewhere, except in 1 Peter. The upper or later writing in this manuscript is, for once, available for critical purposes, since it consists of fragments of the labours of Euthalius (see p. 64), and is cited by Tischendorf under the notation of Euthal.cod.
S. From the monastery of Laura at Mount Athos [viii or ix], 11 x 8-½, ff. 120 (30), Acts, Cath. Rom. 1 Cor. i. 1-v. 8; xiii. 8-xvi. 24; 2 Cor. i 1-xi. 23; Eph. iv. 20-vi. 20. See Gregory, p. 447.
ב. Rom. Vat. Gr. 2061, formerly Basil 100, before Patiriensis 27 [v], palimpsest, ff. 21 out of 316. Fragments of Acts, Cath., and Paul. Came from the monastery of St. Mary of Patirium, a suburb of Rossana in Calabria. Discovered by M. Pierre Batiffol, the investigator of Cod. Φ. See Gregory, p. 447.
II. Manuscripts of the Pauline Epistles.
א. Cod. Sinaiticus
A. Cod. Alexandrinus.
B. Cod. Vaticanus.
C.