The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the
socialist economic structure of Yugoslavia. TITO had pushed the
development of military industries in the republic with the result
that Bosnia hosted a number of Yugoslavia's defense plants. The
interethnic warfare in Bosnia caused production to plummet by 80%
from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar. With an uneasy peace in
place, output recovered in 1996–99 at high percentage rates from a
low base; but output growth slowed in 2000–02. Part of the lag in
output was made up in 2003–04. National-level statistics are
limited. Moreover, official data do not capture the large share of
black market activity. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or
BAM)- the national currency introduced in 1998 - is now pegged to
the euro, and the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has
dramatically increased its reserve holdings. Implementation of
privatization, however, has been slow, and local entities only
reluctantly support national-level institutions. Banking reform
accelerated in 2001 as all the Communist-era payments bureaus were
shut down. The country receives substantial amounts of
reconstruction assistance and humanitarian aid from the
international community but will have to prepare for an era of
declining assistance.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $24.31 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
3.5% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $6,100 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 13% industry: 40.9% services: 46.1% (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line:
NA (2004 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.9% (2003 est.)
Labor force:
1.026 million (2001)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Unemployment rate:
40% (2002 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $3.271 billion
expenditures: $3.242 billion, including capital expenditures of NA
(2003 est.)
Agriculture - products:
wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock
Industries:
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle
assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and
aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining (2001)
Industrial production growth rate:
5.5% (2003 est.)
Electricity - production:
9.979 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:
8.116 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
2.569 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
1.405 billion kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
NA (2001)
Oil - imports:
NA (2001)
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
300 million cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
300 million cu m (2001 est.)
Current account balance:
$-2.195 billion (2003)
Exports:
$1.28 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
metals, clothing, wood products
Exports - partners:
Italy 28.7%, Croatia 18.3%, Germany 17.1%, Austria 9.2%, Slovenia
7.1% (2003)
Imports:
$4.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Croatia 24.5%, Slovenia 14.7%, Germany 13.7%, Italy 12.2%, Hungary
7.8%, Austria 6.7% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
$1.796 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
$3.5 billion (2003)
Economic aid - recipient:
$650 million (2001 est.)
Currency:
marka (BAM)
Currency code:
BAM
Exchange rates:
marka per US dollar - 1.7329 (2003), 1.7329 (2002), 2.1857 (2001),
2.1244 (2000), 1.8371 (1999)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications Bosnia and Herzegovina
Telephones - main lines in use:
938,000 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
1.05 million (2003)
Telephone system:
general assessment: telephone and telegraph network needs
modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average as
contrasted with services in other former Yugoslav republics
domestic: NA
international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios:
940,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)
Televisions:
NA
Internet country code:
.ba
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