The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
gas - consumption:
1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Current account balance:
$-1.15 billion (2003)
Exports:
$4.075 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles 14%, food
products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical products (2001)
Exports - partners:
Finland 21.9%, Sweden 12.5%, Russia 11.4%, Germany 8.4%, Latvia
7.4%, Lithuania 4% (2003)
Imports:
$5.535 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles
10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)
Imports - partners:
Finland 15.9%, Germany 11.1%, Russia 10.2%, Sweden 7.7%, Ukraine
4.3%, China 4.2%, Japan 4.1% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
$1.377 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
$7.002 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$108 million (2000)
Currency:
Estonian kroon (EEK)
Currency code:
EEK
Exchange rates:
krooni per US dollar - 13.8564 (2003), 16.6118 (2002), 17.4781
(2001), 16.9686 (2000), 14.6776 (1999)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications Estonia
Telephones - main lines in use:
475,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
881,000 (2002)
Telephone system:
general assessment: foreign investment in the form of joint
business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial
fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in
the digital mode; Internet services are available throughout most of
the country - only about 11,000 subscriber requests were unfilled by
September 2000
domestic: a wide range of high quality voice, data, and Internet
services is available throughout the country
international: country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland,
Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched
service; two international switches are located in Tallinn (2001)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 0, FM 98, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios:
1.01 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
3 (2001)
Televisions:
605,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
.ee
Internet hosts:
82,142 (2004)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
38 (2001)
Internet users:
444,000 (2002)
Transportation Estonia
Railways:
total: 958 km
broad gauge: 958 km 1.520-m/1.524-m gauge (132 km electrified)
note: gauge being increased from 1.520-m to 1.524-m to reduce wear
on wheels and rail as lines are modernized (2003)
Highways:
total: 51,411 km
paved: 10,334 km (including 94 km of expressways)
unpaved: 41,077 km (2000)
Waterways:
500 km (2003)
Pipelines:
gas 859 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Haapsalu, Kunda, Muuga, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn
Merchant marine:
total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 212,998 GRT/177,488 DWT
by type: bulk 2, cargo 12, container 4, petroleum tanker 2, roll
on/roll off 7, short-sea/passenger 5
foreign-owned: Netherlands 1
registered in other countries: 45 (2004 est.)
Airports:
29 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 14
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 6 (2003 est.)
Military Estonia
Military branches:
Estonia Defense Forces (including Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force),
Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), Volunteer
Defense League (Kaitseliit), Maritime Border Guard, Coast Guard
note: Border Guards and Ministry of Internal Affairs become part of
the Estonian Defense Forces in wartime; the Coast Guard is
subordinate to the Ministry of Defense in peacetime and the Estonian
Navy in wartime
Military manpower - military age and obligation: 18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 11-month service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men and women up to 2010; 17 years of age for volunteers (2004)
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15–49: 326,803 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15–49: 257,386 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 10,884 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$155 million (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: