The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 2004 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency


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2% (2002 est.)

      Transnational Issues Estonia

      Disputes - international:

       Russia continues to reject signing and ratifying the joint December

       1996 technical border agreement with Estonia

      Illicit drugs:

       transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest Asia

       and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to Western

       Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western Europe to

       Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem; possible

       precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money

       laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a

       concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Ethiopia

      Introduction Ethiopia

      Background:

       Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy

       maintained its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the

       Italian occupation of 1936–41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg,

       deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and

       established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings,

       wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was

       finally toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian

       People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A

       constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty

       elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with

       Eritrea ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000. Final

       demarcation of the boundary is currently on hold due to Ethiopian

       objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to

       surrender sensitive territory.

      Geography Ethiopia

      Location:

       Eastern Africa, west of Somalia

      Geographic coordinates:

       8 00 N, 38 00 E

      Map references:

       Africa

      Area:

       total: 1,127,127 sq km

       water: 7,444 sq km

       land: 1,119,683 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly less than twice the size of Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 5,328 km

       border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km,

       Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

      Terrain:

       high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift

       Valley

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Denakil Depression −125 m

       highest point: Ras Dejen 4,620 m

      Natural resources:

       small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas,

       hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 10.71% permanent crops: 0.75% other: 88.54% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       1,900 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes,

       volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts

      Environment - current issues:

       deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water

       shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor

       management

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

       signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

      Geography - note:

       landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the

       de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the

       chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk

       (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to

       have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean

      People Ethiopia

      Population:

       67,851,281

       note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

       effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

       life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

       population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

       population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

       2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 44.7% (male 15,189,921; female 15,109,870)

       15–64 years: 52.5% (male 17,857,758; female 17,767,411)

       65 years and over: 2.8% (male 855,103; female 1,071,218) (2004 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 17.4 years

       female: 17.4 years (2004 est.)

       male: 17.3 years

      Population growth rate:

       1.89% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       39.23 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       20.36 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       0 migrant(s)/1,000 population

       note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from

       war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several

       years; some Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from

       the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to

       their homes (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female

      


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