The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 2001 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency


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Assembly

      elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly; election last held 24 February 1998 (next election unscheduled)

      election results: Fidel CASTRO Ruz elected president; percent of legislative vote - 100%; Raul CASTRO Ruz elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 100%

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (601 seats, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year terms)

      elections: last held 11 January 1998 (next to be held in 2003)

      election results: percent of vote - PCC 94.39%; seats - PCC 601

      Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)

      Political parties and leaders: only party - Cuban Communist Party or

       PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

      International organization participation: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77,

       IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, Inmarsat,

       Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO,

       ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since

       1962), OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,

       WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none; note - Cuba has an

       Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer

       Fernando REMIREZ DE ESTENOZ; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss

       Embassy, 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1]

       (202) 797–8518

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Vicki HUDDLESTON; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada between L and M Streets, Vedado Seccion, Havana; telephone: 33–3551 through 3559 (operator assistance required); FAX: 33–3700; protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland

      Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag

      Cuba Economy

      Economy - overview: The government, the primary player in the economy, has undertaken limited reforms in recent years to stem excess liquidity, increase enterprise efficiency, and alleviate serious shortages of food, consumer goods, and services, but prioritizing of political control makes extensive reforms unlikely. Living standards for the average Cuban, without access to dollars, remain at a depressed level compared with 1990. The liberalized farmers' markets introduced in 1994, sell above-quota production at market prices, expand legal consumption alternatives, and reduce black market prices. Income taxes and increased regulations introduced since 1996 have sharply reduced the number of legally self-employed from a high of 208,000 in January 1996. Havana announced in 1995 that GDP declined by 35% during 1989–93 as a result of lost Soviet aid and domestic inefficiencies. The slide in GDP came to a halt in 1994 when Cuba reported growth in GDP of 0.7%. Cuba reported that GDP increased by 2.5% in 1995 and 7.8% in 1996, before slowing down in 1997 and 1998 to 2.5% and 1.2% respectively. Growth recovered with a 6.2% increase in GDP in 1999 and a 5.6% increase in 2000. Much of Cuba's recovery can be attributed to tourism revenues and foreign investment. Growth in 2001 should continue at the same level as the government balances the need for economic loosening against its concern for firm political control.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $19.2 billion (2000 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 5.6% (2000 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 7%

      industry: 37%

      services: 56% (1998 est.)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA%

      highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.3% (1999 est.)

      Labor force: 4.3 million (2000 est.)

      note: state sector 75%, non-state sector 25% (1998)

      Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 25%, industry 24%, services 51% (1998)

      Unemployment rate: 5.5% (2000 est.)

      Budget: revenues: $13.5 billion

      expenditures: $14.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

      Industries: sugar, petroleum, tobacco, chemicals, construction, services, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery

      Industrial production growth rate: 5% (2000 est.)

      Electricity - production: 14.358 billion kWh (1999)

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 94.2%

      hydro: 0.7%

      nuclear: 0%

      other: 5.1% (1999)

      Electricity - consumption: 13.353 billion kWh (1999)

      Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1999)

      Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1999)

      Agriculture - products: sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock

      Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

      Exports - commodities: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee

      Exports - partners: Russia 23%, Netherlands 23%, Canada 13% (1999)

      Imports: $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

      Imports - commodities: petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals, semifinished goods, transport equipment, consumer goods

      Imports - partners: Spain 18%, Venezuela 13%, Canada 8% (1999)

      Debt - external: $11.1 billion (convertible currency, 1999); another $15 billion -$20 billion owed to Russia (2000)

      Economic aid - recipient: $68.2 million (1997 est.)

      Currency: Cuban peso (CUP)

      Currency code: CUP

      Exchange rates: Cuban pesos per US dollar - 1.0000 (nonconvertible, official rate, for international transactions, pegged to the US dollar); convertible peso sold for domestic use at a rate of 1.00 US dollar per 22 pesos by the Government of Cuba (January 2001)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Cuba Communications

      Telephones - main lines in use: 473,031 (2000)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,994 (1997)

      Telephone system: general assessment: NA

      domestic: principal trunk system, end to end of country, is coaxial cable; fiber-optic distribution in Havana and on Isla de la Juventud; 2 microwave radio relay installations (one is old, US-built; the other newer, Soviet-built); both analog and digital mobile cellular service established

      international: satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 169, FM 55, shortwave 1 (1998)

      Radios: 3.9 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 58 (1997)

      Televisions:


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