The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 2001 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency


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rate: 0.14% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 200 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Icelander(s)

      adjective: Icelandic

      Ethnic groups: homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts

      Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 93%, other Protestant and Roman

       Catholic, none (1997)

      Languages: Icelandic

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

      total population: 99.9% (1997 est.)

      male: NA%

      female: NA%

      Iceland Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Iceland

      conventional short form: Iceland

      local long form: Lyoveldio Island

      local short form: Island

      Government type: constitutional republic

      Capital: Reykjavik

      Administrative divisions: 23 counties (syslar, singular - sysla) and

       14 independent towns* (kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur);

       Akranes*, Akureyri*, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla,

       Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla,

       Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur*,

       Husavik*, Isafjordhur*, Keflavik*, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur*,

       Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur*, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla,

       Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur*,

       Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik*, Saudharkrokur*, Seydhisfjordhur*,

       Siglufjordhur*, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla,

       Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla,

       Vesttmannaeyjar*, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla,

       Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla

      note: there may be four other counties

      Independence: 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 17 June (1944)

      Constitution: 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944

      Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996)

      head of government: Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991)

      cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament

      elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 29 June 1996 (next to be held NA June 2004); President GRIMSSON ran unopposed in June 2000 so there were no elections; prime minister appointed by the president

      election results: Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON elected president; President GRIMSSON ran unopposed

      Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

      elections: last held on 8 May 1999 (next to be held by April 2003)

      election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party 40.7%, The Alliance (PA, People's Party, Women's List) 26.8%, Progressive Party 18.4%, Left-Green Alliance 9.1%, Liberal Party 4.2%; seats by party - Independence Party 26, The Alliance 17, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 6, Liberal Party 2

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the president)

      Political parties and leaders: Independence Party (conservative) or

       IP [David ODDSSON]; Left-Green Alliance [Steinsvimur SIGFUSSON];

       Liberal Party [Sverrir HERMANNSSON]; People's Party (Social

       Democratic Party) or SDP [Sighvatyr BJORGIVINSSON]; Progressive

       Party (liberal) or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON]; The Alliance (includes

       People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SVP, People's

       Movement, Women's List) [Ossur SKARPHEDINSSON]; Women's List or WL

       [Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR]

      Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

      International organization participation: Australia Group, BIS,

       CBSS, CCC, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,

       ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA (observer), IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,

       Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB,

       OECD, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNU,

       UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador

       Jon-Baldvin HANNIBALSSON

      chancery: Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005

      telephone: [1] (202) 265–6653

      FAX: [1] (202) 265–6656

      consulate(s) general: New York

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador

       Barbara J. GRIFFITHS

      embassy: Laufasvegur 21, Reykjavik

      mailing address: US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, FPO AE 09728–0340

      telephone: [354] 5629100

      FAX: [354] 5629118

      Flag description: blue with a red cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

      Iceland Economy

      Economy - overview: Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, yet with an extensive welfare system, low unemployment, and remarkably even distribution of income. In the absence of other natural resources (except for abundant hydrothermal and geothermal power), the economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 70% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. The economy remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to drops in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government remains opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, and new developments in software production, biotechnology, and financial services are taking place. The tourism sector is also expanding, with the recent trends in ecotourism and whale watching. Growth has been remarkably steady over the past five years at 4%-5%.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $6.85 billion (2000 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 4.3% (2000 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $24,800 (2000 est.)

      GDP


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