The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 2001 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency


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the size of the US

      Land boundaries: total: 14,103 km

      border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

      Coastline: 7,000 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM

      continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

      exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

      Terrain: upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

      highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

      Natural resources: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

      Land use: arable land: 56%

      permanent crops: 1%

      permanent pastures: 4%

      forests and woodland: 23%

      other: 16% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 535,100 sq km (1995/96 est.)

      Natural hazards: droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common; earthquakes

      Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources

      Environment - international agreements: party to:

       Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,

       Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,

       Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,

       Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

      signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important

       Indian Ocean trade routes

      India People

      Population: 1,029,991,145 (July 2001 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 33.12% (male 175,630,537; female 165,540,672)

      15–64 years: 62.2% (male 331,790,850; female 308,902,864)

      65 years and over: 4.68% (male 24,439,022; female 23,687,200) (2001 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.55% (2001 est.)

      Birth rate: 24.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Death rate: 8.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female

      total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 63.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.86 years

      male: 62.22 years

      female: 63.53 years (2001 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 3.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.7% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 3.7 million (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 310,000 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Indian(s)

      adjective: Indian

      Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

      Religions: Hindu 81.3%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000)

      Languages: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani (a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India)

      note: 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

      total population: 52%

      male: 65.5%

      female: 37.7% (1995 est.)

      India Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of India

      conventional short form: India

      Government type: federal republic

      Capital: New Delhi

      Administrative divisions: 28 states and 7 union territories*;

       Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh,

       Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*,

       Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,

       Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*,

       Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,

       Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,

       Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal

      Independence: 15 August 1947 (from UK)

      National holiday: Republic Day, 26 January (1950)

      Constitution: 26 January 1950

      Legal system: based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Kicheril Raman NARAYANAN (since 25 July 1997); Vice President Krishnan KANT (since 21 August 1997)

      head of government: Prime Minister Atal Behari VAJPAYEE (since 19 March 1998)

      cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

      elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states for a five-year term; election last held 14 July 1997 (next to be held NA July 2002); vice president elected by both houses of Parliament for a five-year term; election last held 16 August 1997 (next to be held NA August 2002); prime minister elected by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections; election last held NA October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004)

      election results: Kicheril Raman NARAYANAN elected president;


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