Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement. Группа авторов
...Figure 9.7 3D reconstruction of the same μ‐CT scanned jaw segment as shown i...Figure 9.8 Measurements of the thickness of the alveolar bone for incisors, ...Figure 9.9 3D reconstruction of a detail of the root‐PDL‐bone complex. Note ...Figure 9.10 Detailed 3D reconstruction of the root‐PDL‐alveolus complex. Not...Figure 9.11 Changes of the position of the CRot when the applied force at th...Figure 9.12 FE model of the canine and premolar and a coronal section of the...Figure 9.13 Stress in the bone–PDL interface along the buccal–lingual direct...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 White spot lesions. Initial decalcification of the enamel with c...Figure 10.2 In the most serious cases, white spot lesions can turn brown in ...Figure 10.3 Absence of gingivitis, white spot lesions, and caries in the upp...Figure 10.4 Gingivitis, gingival enlargement, and inflammation associated wi...Figure 10.5 Inadequate oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment with fixed ...Figure 10.6 Patient with a fixed lingual orthodontic appliance, with widespr...Figure 10.7 Different types of fixed orthodontics retainers: the morphology ...Figure 10.8 Procedures for good oral hygiene with fixed appliances.Figure 10.9 Poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis with hyperplasia between canine (2...Figure 10.10 Impacted second left maxillary premolar with a curved root, mov...Figure 10.11 Mini‐implant used to anchor retraction of the anterior segment....Figure 10.12 Orthognathic surgery may cause statistically significant change...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Cytokines in GCF from experimental site/control site versus time...Figure 11.2 Velocity of distal translation (speed of tooth movement in mm/da...Figure 11.3 Graph showing effects of IL‐1B genotype (○ ≥1 copy of allele 2, ...Figure 11.4 Buccal view of isolated site showing GCF collection via paper st...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Gene expression in the PDL following orthodontic force applicati...Figure 12.2 Reaction of neural tissues to the applied orthodontic forces. cA...Figure 12.3 Remodeling of the PDL and alveolar bone following orthodontic fo...Figure 12.4 Reaction of the dental pulp to applied orthodontic forces. bv, b...Figure 12.5 Summary of the events that can accelerate or slow down OTM. PTH,...Figure 12.6 The resorptive lacunae destroying the cementum and dentin layers...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Various “omics” techniques and their roles in systems biology....Figure 13.2 Heuristic model illustrating the basis and rationale for conside...Figure 13.3 Development of precision orthodontics. *Human Phenotype Ontology...Figure 13.4 A Venn diagram illustrating the concept that the genomic/proteom...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sample from adult male New Zealand...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 In this experiment by Saito et al. (1991), human PDL fibroblasts...Figure 15.2 Human PDL fibroblasts were incubated without any added stimulati...Figure 15.3 Osteoclasts in the periodontium in 6‐week‐old male Wistar rats a...Figure 15.4 (a) Clinical tooth movement data registered on the hemimaxillae ...Figure 15.5 Effects of local injection of PTH on OTM. (a) In rats the right ...Figure 15.6 Time–displacement curve of the maxillary first molars of 6‐week‐...Figure 15.7 Comparison of RANKL distribution in rat PDLs with or without int...Figure 15.8 Effects of laser irradiation on M‐CSF and c‐fms positive o...Figure 15.9 (A) Effects of laser irradiation on RANKL positive cells as show...Figure 15.10 (A) Effects of laser irradiation on RANK positive cells as show...Figure 15.11 Kole’s surgical approach to accelerate tooth movement. Note the...Figure 15.12 Corticision as described by Park et al. (2006). (Top, left and ...Figure 15.13 Immunohistochemical staining for MMP‐9 after administration of ...Figure 15.14 Experimental tooth movement was suppressed in mice by β‐antagon...Figure 15.15 Inhibition of tooth movement by local delivery of OPG‐Fc in rat...
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Alkaline (a) and acid (c) phosphatase staining of an inter‐radic...Figure 16.2 RAP intensity in relationship to the surgical procedure.Figure 16.3 Influence of a buccal corticotomy on the alveolar load transfer....Figure 16.4 The “Burstone and Pryputniewicz” curves showing the dependency o...Figure 16.5 The pattern of movement for a lateral incisor under various mome...Figure 16.6 The buccolingual stresses in the PDL of the lateral incisor in t...Figure 16.7 Adult patients with a Class II malocclusion treated with cortico...Figure 16.8 Limiting the area of surgical insult reduces the extension of th...Figure 16.9 Extending the area of surgical insult helps produce a regional a...Figure 16.10 Alveolar corticotomy in the direction of the movement on a tran...Figure 16.11 Interdental vertical corticotomies (left) and sub‐apical horizo...Figure 16.12 Alveolar corticotomy: rotating burs versus piezosurgery.Figure 16.13 Flow chart depicting selection criteria for the choice of bone ...Figure 16.14 A mix of bone grafting with PRGF.Figure 16.15 An allogenic membrane used to graft a large area of decorticati...Figure 16.16 Membranes of PRF.Figure 16.17 Centrifugated blood with the PRGF protocol.Figure 16.18 Membranes of PRGF.Figure 16.19 Piezocision performed on an upper canine to be mesialized. Note...Figure 16.20 MOPs created with a manual Excellerator.Figure 16.21 MOPs performed with a bur and dedicated handpiece.Figure 16.22 A 20‐year‐old woman with an open bite, thin biotype, and gingiv...Figure 16.23 A 22‐year‐old female with a skeletal Class III, narrow maxilla,...Figure 16.24 Buccal transmigration of the lower right canine over the midlin...Figure 16.25 A 12‐year‐old girl with transposition of the upper right canine...Figure 16.26 A 23‐year‐old woman with a Class II Division 1 asymmetric occlu...Figure 16.27 A young patient where four first permanent molars had been extr...Figure 16.28 Adult patient with two unsuccessful past treatments who present...Figure 16.29 Young adult female patient with a severe skeletal asymmetry, co...
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Evidence supporting the biphasic theory of tooth movement. Rat h...Figure 17.2 Schematic of biphasic theory of tooth movement. The biologic res...Figure 17.3 Saturation of biological response with increased orthodontic for...Figure 17.4 MOPs accelerate tooth movement in rats. (a) Rat hemimaxilla show...Figure 17.5 MOPs accelerate canine retraction in a human clinical study. In ...Figure 17.6 MOPs reduce the density of alveolar bone changing the response t...Figure 17.7 Vibration in the form of high frequency acceleration (HFA) stimu...Figure 17.8 Vibration increases inflammatory markers and the number and acti...Figure 17.9 Harnessing inflammation to deliver precision‐accelerated tooth m...
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Gingival enlargement associated with poorly executed orthodontic...Figure 18.2 The effect of poor placement of orthodontic bands. The first mol...Figure 18.3 Gingival recession associated with orthodontic treatment. (a) Re...Figure 18.4 Frequencies (%) of gingival recessions per tooth at four times: ...Figure 18.5 The effect of poor orthodontic mechanics: (a) the clinical pictu...Figure 18.6 The effect of improper orthodontic mechanics, which leads to can...Figure 18.7 The effect of faulty orthodontic mechanics, which led to uncontr...Figure 18.8 Enamel surface damage caused by various interproximal stripping ...Figure 18.9 Enamel decalcification areas associated with orthodontic banding...Figure 18.10 Surface damage resulting from various enamel clean‐up methods a...Figure 18.11 Energy dispersive spectrum (device used to characterize the opa...Figure 18.12 Extreme hyperreaction of the dental pulp after 40 months of ort...Figure 18.13 (a) A panoramic pretreatment radiograph of patient’s dentition ...Figure 18.14 Extreme hyperplastic reaction in the cheek mucosa caused by an ...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Relation between the total amount of experimental tooth movement...Figure 19.2 Individual data describing the relapse over time expressed as th...Figure 19.3 Individual data describing the relapse over time expressed as th...Figure 19.4 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Loss ...Figure 19.5 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Loss ...Figure 19.6 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 66 days. Local...Figure 19.7 Pressure side of a dog premolar after relapse for 90 days. Compl...Figure 19.8 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Recove...Figure 19.9 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 18 days. Recove...Figure 19.10 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 66 days. Norma...Figure 19.11 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 66 days. Local...Figure 19.12 Tension side of a dog premolar after relapse for 90 days. Gener...
20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 (a–f) A typodont is a training device consisting of artificial t...Figure 20.2 Media preparation of cell culture. In vitro studies require asep...Figure 20.3 Four phases of clinical trials in humans.Figure 20.4 Tissue section of a maxillary canine of a 1‐year‐old female cat,...Figure 20.5 Tissue section of alveolar bone of a 3‐month‐old kitten, 6 μm th...Figure 20.6 Inverted phase contrast fluorescent microscope involves