The Herodotus Encyclopedia. Группа авторов

The Herodotus Encyclopedia

in ALC, 671–76.

2 Vannicelli, Pietro. 1992. “Gli Egidi e le relazioni tra Sparta e Cirene in età arcaica.”

3 QUCC n.s. 41.2: 55–73.

AEGEIRA (Αἴγειρα, ἡ)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

A city on the northern coast of the PELOPONNESE (BA 58 C1; Müller I, 734–35), one of the twelve cities/regions (merē) of the Achaeans. Herodotus names Aegeira as one of the original twelve CITIES of the IONIANS, before they were forced to migrate to Asia Minor by the Achaeans (1.145). According to Pausanias (7.26.2), Aegeira was formerly called Hyperesia (cf. Hom. Il. 2.573).

SEE ALSO: Achaeans (Peloponnesian); Aegae; Ethnicity

AEGEUS (Αἰγεύς, ὁ) son of Pandion

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

Mythical king of ATHENS, son of PANDION and father of the hero THESEUS, though sometimes POSEIDON is credited with that latter role (Gantz, EGM 247–49). Herodotus mentions Aegeus in his discussion of the origins of the Lycians, who received their name from LYCUS SON OF PANDION when the latter was driven out of Athens by his brother (1.173.3). When Theseus, returning from CRETE, failed to raise the agreed‐upon signal of a successful expedition against the Minotaur, Aegeus flung himself to his death from atop the ACROPOLIS (the connection of Aegeus with the name of the AEGEAN SEA is probably a later invention: Gantz, EGM 276). SOPHOCLES and Euripides wrote Aegeus tragedies (now lost), and he played a role in some versions of the MEDEA story. Aegeus received cult worship at Athens and gave his name to one of the ten tribes of the classical DEMOCRACY.

SEE ALSO: Cleisthenes son of Megacles; Lycia; Myth

AEGIALEUS (Αἰγιαλεύς, ὁ)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

Mythical, son of Adrastus. While Adrastus was the only member of the “Seven against Thebes” to survive that attack, his son Aegialeus was the only man who perished in the second expedition (the “Epigoni”: Hellanicus BNJ 4 F100). Herodotus reports that the Sicyonians renamed a tribe “Aegialees” sixty years after the death of their tyrant CLEISTHENES. The latter had given the traditional Dorian tribes insulting names, and attempted to “drive out” the hero Adrastus, as part of his attempt to rid SICYON of Argive influence (5.68). Pausanias credits a different legendary Aegialeus with the foundation of Sicyon (2.6.5). According to STRABO, the ancient name of Sicyon was Aegialeis (8.6.25/C383), and the name continued to be used to refer to the northern coast of the PELOPONNESE; Herodotus reports that the IONIANS had been called “Pelasgian Aegialees” when they lived in that region (7.94). In fact, Aigialia appears on Linear B tablets in a context which seems to refer to the area around Sicyon (Lolos 2011, 60).

SEE ALSO: Adrastus son of Talaus; Argos; Dorians; Dymanatae; Ethnicity; Heroes and Hero Cult; Pelasgians

REFERENCE

1 Lolos, Yannis A. 2011. Land of Sikyon: Archaeology and History of a Greek City‐State. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

AEGICORES , see ION

AEGILEA (Αἰγίλεα, τά)

ALISON LANSKI

University of Notre Dame

A site on the west coast of EUBOEA, probably between Amarynthus and ERETRIA. Along with CHOEREAE and TEMENOS, Aegilea provided anchorage and sufficient space for Persian CAVALRY to disembark during their attack against Eretria in 490 BCE (6.101.1). The most recent editor of the Histories prints Αἰγίλεα (Aigilea) as in MS A rather than Αἰγίλια (Aigilia) as found in other MANUSCRIPTS (see Wilson 2015, 117). The toponym Αἰγάλ‐‐‐ (Aigal‐) is attested epigraphically as a DEME of Eretria and may be identical with the place Herodotus mentions (Knopfler 1997, 425 n. 142).

SEE ALSO: Aegleia; Datis; Epigraphy; Marathon

REFERENCES

1 Knoepfler, Denis. 1997. “Le territoire d’Erétrie et l’organisation politique de la cité (dêmoi, chôroi, phylai).” In The Polis as an Urban Centre and as a Political Community, edited by Mogens Herman Hansen, 352–449. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.

2 Wilson, N. G. 2015. Herodotea. Studies on the Text of Herodotus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

AEGINA (Αἴγινα, ἡ)

DAVID BRANSCOME

Florida State University

An island POLIS located in the Saronic Gulf (BA 58 F2), whose naval and mercantile might often brought her into conflict with nearby ATHENS. Herodotus’ treatment of Aegina falls into three main temporal units: the distant historical past; the outbreak of the PERSIAN WARS, when Aegina medized; and 481–479 BCE, when Aegina joined the HELLENIC LEAGUE to combat the invading Persians. Much of what Herodotus reports about Aegina seems to come from hostile (probably Athenian) sources. According to Herodotus, the “Aeginetans are DORIANS from Epidaurus” (8.46.1); while the island was originally named Oenone (8.46.1), it was later renamed after the eponymous nymph Aegina (5.80.1). Aegina’s ancestry as an Epidaurian colony factors into Herodotus’ aetiology for the long‐standing enmity between Aegina and Athens (5.82–88): Aegina had revolted from Epidaurian hegemony, looted from EPIDAURUS cult statues of the goddesses DAMIA AND AUXESIA made from Attic olive wood, and battled Athens, who wanted the statues back. This aetiology itself is used by Herodotus to explain Aegina’s readiness to aid THEBES in the latter’s struggle with Athens both by sending statues of the Aeacidae—sons of the Aeginetan mythic hero AEACUS—to Thebes and by ravaging the Attic coast with the Aeginetan fleet (5.80–81, 89; Haubold 2007; Hornblower 2013, 231–43).

In 491, the Aeginetans gave EARTH AND WATER to DARIUS I (6.49.1), an act of medizing that the Athenians took as an attack against themselves (6.49.2; see Baragwanath 2008, 135, 173). Although Athens called upon SPARTA to intervene, the Spartan king CLEOMENES was driven from Aegina before he could arrest leading Aeginetans, including CRIUS (6.50, 61.1, 64). Later that year, Cleomenes, joined by his new co‐king LEOTYCHIDES II, returned to Aegina, arrested Crius and nine other Aeginetan leaders, and delivered them as HOSTAGES

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The Herodotus Encyclopedia. Группа авторов