The Herodotus Encyclopedia. Группа авторов

The Herodotus Encyclopedia

BARON,

University of Notre Dame

In providing a list of the provinces (archai or SATRAPIES, 3.89.1) into which DARIUS I divided the Persian Empire, Herodotus states (3.92.2) that the Aeglians were the limit of the twelfth administrative district (νομός, nome) which consisted of the BACTRIANS. The Aeglians’ exact location is unknown, nor is it clear in which direction the limit they placed on the Bactrians lies. Modern editors print the reading Αἰγλῶν (“of the Aeglians”); a different manuscript family reads Λιγδῶν (“of the Ligdians,” equally unknown), which some scholars connect with the LIGYANS mentioned (7.72) in the CATALOGUE of XERXES’ invasion force (Dan 2013, 114). In the original Greek, these names could have been easily mistaken: ΑΙΓΛΩΝ, ΛΙΓΔΩΝ, ΛΙΓ⊖ΩΝ.

REFERENCE

1 Dan, Anca. 2013. “Achaemenid World Representation in Herodotus’ Histories: Some Geographic Examples of Cultural Translation.” In Herodots Wege des Erzählens: Logos und Topos in den Historien, edited by Klaus Geus, Elisabeth Irwin, and Thomas Poiss, 83–121. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

AEGOSPOTAMI (Αἰγὸς ποταμοἱ, οἱ)

MEHMET FATIH YAVUZ

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Aegospotami (“Goat’s Rivers”) was the name of two small streams (probably now Münip Bey Deresi and Kozludere) on the Hellespontine CHERSONESE (Gallipoli Peninsula) that, after joining 500 meters from the coast, emptied their water into the HELLESPONT opposite LAMPSACUS (BA 51 H4; Müller II, 771–72). At the end of the PERSIAN WARS, the Athenians captured ARTAŸCTES, the Persian hyparkhos (governor) of the Chersonese, near Aegospotami (9.119.2).

The mouth of Aegospotami was famous in antiquity as the site of the final battle of the PELOPONNESIAN WAR that led to the fall of the ATHENIAN EMPIRE in 404 BCE (Xen. Hell. 2.1.21–30; Diod. Sic. 13.105–6).

SEE ALSO: Athens; Date of Composition; End of the Histories

AEIMNESTUS (Ἀείμνηστος, ὁ)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

Herodotus credits the “renowned” (logimos) Spartan Aeimnestus with killing the Persian general MARDONIUS during the Battle of PLATAEA in 479 BCE, which fulfills an ironic and unintended PROPHECY delivered earlier by XERXES (see 8.114). Herodotus also notes that, later, Aeimnestus and 300 men under his command were annihilated by the MESSENIANS at STENYCLERUS (9.64.2). This occurred during the HELOT revolt of 465–462 (Thuc. 1.101–3), thus marking one of the handful of references Herodotus makes (clustered especially in Book 9) to events after the PERSIAN WARS.

The major MANUSCRIPTS of the Histories read Arimnēstos or Aimnēstos, but the most recent editors believe the variant reading Aeimnēstos is more likely correct (Wilson 2015, 183). In 427 BCE, a man named Lacon, son of Aeimnestus, was the Spartan PROXENOS at Plataea (Thuc. 3.52.5); it is possible that the father was named for the renowned Spartan warrior (Herman 1989, 93). But the situation is muddied by the existence of an ARIMNESTUS of Plataea who also fought in 479 (Hdt. 9.72.2).

SEE ALSO: Fame; Narratology; Peloponnesian War; Sparta; Time

REFERENCES

1 Herman, Gabriel. 1989. “Nikias, Epimenides and the Question of Omissions in Thucydides.” CQ 39.1: 83–93.

2 Wilson, N. G. 2015. Herodotea. Studies on the Text of Herodotus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

AENEIA (Αἴνεια, ἡ)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

City on the THERMAIC GULF in the region of Chalcidice, probably the modern Nea Michaniona (BA 50 C4). XERXES’ fleet picks up troops from Aeneia and other CITIES in the region after it passes through the ATHOS canal in 480 BCE (7.123.2). Aeneia claimed to have been founded by Aeneas after he fled TROY (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1.47.6); the hero appears on sixth‐century coins, carrying his father Anchises on his shoulders. The city became a member of the DELIAN LEAGUE.

SEE ALSO: Chalcidians in Thrace; Crossaea

AENESIDEMUS (Αἰνησίδημος, ὁ)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

1) Aenesidemus, son of PATAECUS, served as a member of the bodyguard of HIPPOCRATES (4), tyrant of GELA in SICILY in the late 490s BCE (7.154.1). Herodotus mentions him in connection with his narrative of GELON (who also served in that bodyguard) and Gelon’s rise to power as TYRANT, first of Gela and then SYRACUSE. Other sources indicate that Aenesidemus also attempted to take control of Gela after Hippocrates’ death but was beaten to the punch by Gelon (e.g., Arist. Rh. 1.12/1373a); a much later source, but perhaps preserving reliable information, claims that Aenesidemus thereafter left for RHODES (his homeland?) and established himself as tyrant there (see Luraghi 1993). Pausanias (5.22.7) refers to a tyrant of LEONTINI named Aenesidemus; most scholars identify him with the son of Pataecus and imagine that he ruled Leontini at the behest of Hippocrates. Our texts of Herodotus’ Histories give none of these details, but some editors suspect a lacuna at this point, on the basis of a textual difficulty.

2) Aenesidemus, father of THERON tyrant of ACRAGAS in Sicily in the 480s BCE

(7.165). Most scholars find it unlikely that this is the same man as Aenesidemus (1) (7.154.1). The CHRONOLOGY, for one, would make it strange: Theron was probably born in the 530s, while Aenesidemus (1) served in the bodyguard of the tyrant Hippocrates in the 490s (Dunbabin 1948, 383–84).

REFERENCES

1 Dunbabin, T. J. 1948. The Western Greeks: The History of Sicily and South Italy from the Foundation of the Greek Colonies to 480 BC. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

2 Luraghi, Nino. 1993. “Enesidemo di Pateco (per la storia della tirannide in Sicilia).” In Hesperìa, 3: Studi sulla grecità di Occidente, edited by Lorenzo Braccesi, 53–65. Rome: “L’Erma” di Bretschneider.

AENIANES (Αἰνιῆνες OR Ἐνιῆνες, οἱ)

ANDREW

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The Herodotus Encyclopedia. Группа авторов