Electrical and Electronic Devices, Circuits, and Materials. Группа авторов
[50], © Elsevier 2019].
To increase the energy density of the SC, various efforts have been done to tune the voltage window of the electrolytes by the addition of IL and plasticizers [51]. In continuation of this, Kang et al. [52] reported the preparation of solid electrolyte comprising poly(ethylene glycol) behenyl ether methacrylate-gpoly((2-acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PEGBEM-g-PAEMA) graft copolymer by one-pot free-radical polymerization process for application in bendable SC. The ionic conductivity of the PE was 1.23 × 10-3 S/cm and the increase was attributed to high polarity and amorphous nature. Two SC cells were fabricated using PEGBEM-g-PAEMA (Cell-1) and PVA/H3PO4 (Cell-2) as a solid electrolyte and activated carbon as an electrode. The PEGBEM-g-PAEMA based SC demonstrated the specific capacitance of about 55.5 F/g at 1.0 A/g (for Cell-2: 40.8 F/g at 1.0 A/g) with a power density of 900 and corresponding energy density of 25 Wh/kg. It is important to note that even after bending with an angle of 135o, the performance was good. Table 3.4 summarizes some reported polymer electrolytes, their ionic conductivity and the electrochemical performance of the cell using them. Table 3.5 shows some patents on the supercapacitor device using different separators.
Table 3.4 Reported polymer electrolytes and fabricated supercapacitor performance.
| Polymer electrolyte | Conductivity | Specific capacitance | Capacity retention | Energy density | Power density | Ref. |
| Boron-containing GPE | 5.13 mS/cm | 34.35 F/g (at 1 A/g) (RT) 74 F/g (80 °C) | 91.2 % (after 5000 cy.) | 54.20 Wh/kg | 0.79 kW/kg | [36] |
| IL/PVA/H2SO4 | - | 86.81 F/g at 1 mA/cm2 | 71.61 % (after 1000 cy.) | 176.90 Wh/kg | 21.27 kW/kg | [37] |
| PIL/IL-GPE | - | 9.6 F/g | - | 8.8 Wh/kg and 4.6 Wh/kg | 268 W/kg and 3732 W/kg | [39] |
| (C3(Br) DMAEMA)-PEGMA | 66.8 S/cmat 25 °C | 64.92 F/g at 1 A/g and 67.47 F/g at 0.5 A/g | 84.74 % | 9.34 Wh/kg | 2.26 kW/kg | [41] |
| BMITFSI-NaI-(PVdF-HFP) | - | 351 F/g at 5 mV/s | 95 % (after 10000 cy.) | 26.1 Wh/kg | 15 kW/kg | [43] |
| PEO/NBR | 2.4 mS/cm | 150 F/g at 10 A/g | 93.7 % (after 10000 cy.) | 181 Wh/kg | 5.87 kW/kg | [45] |
| PVDF-HFP-EMIMBF4 | 1.68 × 10-2S/cm (nanofiller free) | 103.5 F/g | 100 % | - | - | [47] |
| PVDF-HFP-(EMIMBF4)-ZnO | 2.57 × 10-2S/cm (with ZnO) | 134.6 F/g | 100 % | - | - | |
| PVDF-HFP-(EMIMBF4)-TiO2 | 3.75 × 10-2S/cm (with TiO2) | 206.4 F/g | 100 % | 33.19 Wh/Kg | 1.17 kW/kg | |
| EMIMBF4-P(VdF-HFP) | 12.76 mS/cm | 63.47 F/g at 10 mV/s. | 74 % (after 4000 cy.) | 18 Wh/kg | 1.2 kW/kg | [48] |
| Nanofiber Cellulose-Incorporated Nanomesh Graphene | 3.0 mS/cm | 291 mF cm-2 at 0.75 mA cm-2 | 96.3 % (after 50000 cy.) | 33.6 Wh/kg, 6.68 mWh cm-3 | [49] | |
| pACM/Et4NBF4-AN | 6.2 F cm-3(124.7mF cm-2;72.1 F/g) at 0.5 mAcm-2 | 88.7 % (after 10000 cy.) | 6.18mWh cm-3 (123.5 mWh cm-2; 71.4Wh/kg) | 0.033Wc-3 (0.668 mWcm-2; 0.386 kWkg-1 | [50] | |
| PEGBEM-g-PAEMA | 1.23 × 10-3S/cm | 55.5 F/g at 1.0 A/g | - | 25 Wh/kg | 900 kW/kg | [52] |
| chitosan (CS), starch, glycerol, LiClO4 | 3.7 × 10-4 S/cm | 133(10 mV/s) | - | 50 Wh/kg | 8000 W/kg | [53] |
| pDADMATFSI | 5 × 10-4 S/cm (25 oC) 3 × 10-3 S/cm (60 °C) | 100 F/g (1mA cm2) | — | 32 Wh/kg (20 °C) 42 Wh/ kg(60 °C) | - | [54] |
| PVA-H2SO4-HQ | 29.3 mS/cm | 491.3 F/g (0.5 A/g) | 82.9 % | 18.7 Wh/kg | 245 W/kg | [55] |
| PVA-H2SO4-MB | 29.6 mS/cm | 563.7 F/g (0.5 A/g) | 81.8 % | - | - |