Chemistry and Biology of Non-canonical Nucleic Acids. Naoki Sugimoto

Chemistry and Biology of Non-canonical Nucleic Acids

replication. (a) The plot shows the correlatio...Figure 8.9 Schematic illustration of the recovery of a mutated G4 by intermo...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Scheme of control of biological reaction by helicases. In replica...Figure 9.2 Representations of DNA helicases from different superfamilies. Sc...Figure 9.3 Crystal structures of SF1 helicase UvrD with the substrate DNA (P...Figure 9.4 Scheme of unwinding of DNA containing a G4 structure by G4 helica...Figure 9.5 Proposed schemes of G4 unwinding by BLM helicase with cooperative...Figure 9.6 Overall structure of the DHX36–G4 DNA complex. (a) Crystal struct...Figure 9.7 The mechanism of G4 unwinding by FANCJ helicase with assistance o...Figure 9.8 Scheme of telomere shortening through replication of the G-rich l...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Illustration of cell cycle. Cells replicate genome DNA and proli...Figure 10.2 Comparison of reaction rates in central dogma between eukaryote ...Figure 10.3 Structure features of nucleic acids fluctuation and structure al...Figure 10.4 Chemical modification of DNA involved in epigenetic gene regulat...Figure 10.5 Co-transcriptional RNA folding. Nascent RNAs sequentially form t...Figure 10.6 Conformational dynamics of RNA affecting the function itself. Co...Figure 10.7 Modulation of gene expression through transcription attenuation ...Figure 10.8 Functional mechanisms of riboswitches acting on (a) transcriptio...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Malignant tumor formation at colorectal mucosa.Figure 11.2 (a) Multistage carcinogenesis caused by genetic damage. (b) Gene...Figure 11.3 Image of the proportion for gene promoters that contain at least...Figure 11.4 Example of DNA G-quadruplexes in the promoter region.Figure 11.5 G-quadruplex in a mild cancer cell and an aggressive cancer cell...Figure 11.6 Typical example of transcription regulation responsive to chemic...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Aggregation mechanism of abnormally elongated polyQ.Figure 12.2 Structures formed by repeat DNA sequences for (a) hairpin, (b) t...Figure 12.3 Extension of CTG repeats by hairpin structure during replication...Figure 12.4 Typical human protein coding RNA including the untranslated regi...Figure 12.5 Structures formed by repeat RNA sequences for (a) single strand,...

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Different types of oligonucleotide therapeutics. Antisense oligo...Figure 13.2 Functional mechanisms of antisense oligonucleotides. (a) Functio...Figure 13.3 Chemical structures of natural phosphodiester backbone and phosp...Figure 13.4 Examples of nonnatural chemical modifications in ribose unit. Ch...Figure 13.5 Chemical structures of oligonucleotides consisting of unnatural ...Figure 13.6 Functional mechanisms of aptamer-based modulation of cell signal...Figure 13.7 Examples of chemical structures of aminoglycosides and their com...Figure 13.8 Chemical structures of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and ribocil a...Figure 13.9 Schematic illustrations of (a) small-molecule microarray and (b)...Figure 13.10 Functional mechanisms of oligonucleotides inducing non-canonica...

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Structures of TBA G4. (a) Illustration of TBA G4. (b) Tertiary s...Figure 14.2 Schematic illustrations of apoptosis induction by AS1411. (a) In...Figure 14.3 The G4 domains of spinach RNA aptamer (PDB ID: 4KZD).Figure 14.4 (a) The reaction scheme of hemin-G4 DNAzyme. DNAzyme's oxidative...Figure 14.5 (a) The precursor, 5′-(3,5-bis(allyloxy)benzoyl)-2′,3′-isopropyl...Figure 14.6 NMR solution structure of the RHAU-N terminus domain (RNAU N-ter...Figure 14.7 Translational regulation through the interplay of G4 destabiliza...Figure 14.8 Illustration of ligand-conjugated oligonucleotide probe.Figure 14.9 G4 structures acting as thermoswitches. Since G4 blocks the tran...Figure 14.10 Mechanism of fluorescence detection of potassium ion using a G4...Figure 14.11 G4-based crowding sensor acting by G4 topology changes. (a) The...

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 The chemical structures of (a) choline dihydrogen phosphate (cho...Figure 15.2 Interaction of choline ion with DNA structures of (a) duplex, (b...Figure 15.3 Factors of determinants of duplex stability.Figure 15.4 Factors of determinants of G-quadruplex stability.Figure 15.5 Image of volumetric changes occurring in the duplex formation.Figure 15.6 Graphical image of volumetric change of G-quadruplex DNA. V _M is ...Figure 15.7 Effect of co-transcriptionally and kinetically formed metastable...Figure 15.8 Mechanism of signaling aptamer for fluorometric detection of a t...Figure 15.9 Optimization process of light-up aptamer using RNA-capturing mic...