The Esophagus. Группа авторов
of the lower esophageal sphincter Current approach to patient selection and perioperative management Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) electrical neuromodulation therapy (LES‐ENT) References 36 Obesity and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Introduction Obesity and GERD symptoms Obesity and GERD‐related complications Mechanical and non‐mechanical effects of obesity Weight loss as GERD treatment Conclusion References
12 PART V: Malignant Disease 37 Tumors of the Esophagus Introduction Malignant esophageal cancers Conclusions Benign tumors of the esophagus Conclusions References 38 Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Cancer Rationale for the endoscopic treatment of esophageal cancer Methods used in the endoscopic treatment of esophageal carcinoma Ablation techniques Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy Outcomes of endoscopic treatment of early esophageal cancer References 39 Surgical Treatment for Esophageal Cancer Introduction Diagnosis and screening Staging Preoperative assessment of physiological status Surgical therapy Neo‐adjuvant therapy Pragmatic therapeutic strategy Conclusions Acknowledgment References
13
PART VI: Miscellaneous
40 Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Financial support
Introduction
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Clinical features
Histology
Pathogenesis
Natural history
Treatment
Conclusion
References
41 Foreign Bodies
Introduction
Anatomical considerations
Clinical presentation
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Food impactions
Sharp or pointed objects
Batteries
Magnets
Small, blunt, round objects
Coins
Other objects
Dishwasher or laundry pods
Narcotic packages
Management of complications
References
42 Medication‐Induced Esophageal Injury
Introduction
Mechanisms
Pathology
Clinical features and diagnosis
Prevention, treatment, and clinical course
Specific medications
References
43 Esophagitis in the Immunocompromised Host
Introduction
Epidemiology
Predisposing factors
General considerations
Fungal