Introduction To Modern Planar Transmission Lines. Anand K. Verma

Introduction To Modern Planar Transmission Lines - Anand K. Verma


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      5.5.8 Metamaterial Perfect Absorber (MPA)

      The absorbing materials are needed to absorb undesired reflected EM‐waves and interfering signals. The perfect absorbing materials absorb 100% of incident RF power without any reflection, scattering, and transmission. The frequency‐dependent absorbed power A(ω), i.e. attenuation, of an absorber, in absence of scattering and diffraction, is expressed as

      (5.5.43)equation

      Salisbury Absorber

Schematic illustration of composite surface absorber.

      Metasurface Absorber

      Figure (5.16b) shows the composition of the metasurface‐based absorber [J.30, J.31]. A thin dielectric sheet d < < λ0 is backed by a conducting surface. An inductive surface is created at the dielectric surface. The capacitive grid of lines or patches is constructed on the dielectric surface such that the surface resonance creates the metasurface, i.e. the high impedance surface at the plane of the air‐dielectric interface. Like a Salisbury absorber, again 377 Ω/sq resistive screen is placed at the interface to get the impedance matching with free space. The absorbed RF power is dissipated as heat.

      (5.5.44)equation

      where Zd and kd are characteristic impedance and wavevector of the conductor backed dielectric sheet. At a certain resonance frequency, the denominator of the above expression is zero giving the needed value of the surface impedance Zcap of the capacitive grid:

      (5.5.45)equation

      The surface parallel resonance creates the high impedance metasurface at which the resistive screen is located. In this case, Zsurafceres) = Rs(Screen) = 377 Ω is obtained to achieve matching condition. The absorbed RF power is dissipated in the resistive screen to get nearly perfect absorber. By using multilayer metasurface, the broadband thin absorber has been developed.

      DNG Slab Absorber

      The characteristic impedance of any magneto‐dielectric slab, DPS or DNG, is computed as images. The impedance matching with free space could be achieved μr(ω) = εr(ω). Such natural DPS materials are not available. However, μr(ω) and εr(ω) of a DNG slab are engineered using two different structures. So both μr(ω) and εr(ω) can be tuned independently to obtain their equalization at the same frequency. Thus, impedance matching could be realized in a DNG slab. If a DNG slab is sufficiently lossy, then absorbed RF power could be dissipated in the DNG slab of appropriate thickness.

Schematic illustration of free space matched lossy D N G absorber.
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