Autonomous Airborne Wireless Networks. Группа авторов

Autonomous Airborne Wireless Networks - Группа авторов


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UAV Classification

Country Maximum altitude (m) Minimum distance to humans (m) Minimum distance to airport (km)
US 122 8
UK 122 50
Chile 130 36
Australia 120 30 5.5
South Africa 46 50 10

      For time‐sensitive applications such as emergency services, LAPs are more appropriate then HAPs due to their rapid deployment, quick mobility, and cost‐effectiveness. Furthermore, LAPs can be used for collecting sensor data from the ground. In this case, LAPs can be readily replaced or recharged as needed. In contrast, HAPs are preferred due to their long endurance (days or months) operations and wider ground coverage [1]. However, operational cost of HAPs is high and their deployment time is significantly longer.

      UAV can also be categorized based on their structure into rotary‐wing and fixed‐wing UAVs. Rotary‐wing UAVs are powered by rotating blades, and based on the number of blades they are termed as either quadcopter with four blades, hexacopter with six blades, or octocopter with eight blades. On the other hand, fixed‐wing UAVs include those that are driven by propellers with small size engine and have wings that are fixed. However, the flight time of UAVs relies on several key factors, such as type, weight, speed, energy sources (battery or engine), and trajectory of the UAV.

Schematic illustration of aerial user equipment and aerial base station.

      In wireless communications, the propagation channel is the free space between the transmitter and the receiver. It is obvious that the performance of wireless networks is influenced by the characteristics of the propagation channel. Therefore, knowledge of wireless channels is pertinent in designing UAV‐enabled networks for future wireless communication. Furthermore, the characterization of radio channel and its modeling for UAV network architecture are crucial for the analysis of network performance.

Schematic illustration of air-to-ground propagation in UAV-assisted cellular network.

      In addition, AA channels between airborne UAVs mostly experience strong LoS similar to the high‐altitude AG channels. However, Doppler shift is higher because UAV mobility is significantly higher and it is difficult to maintain alignment between multiple UAVs.

      Accurate AG and AA propagation channel models are imperative for the optimal deployment and the design of


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