Japanese Made Easy. Tazuko Ajiro Monane
or phrases, but not clauses or sentences.
| Sentence Pattern 1A | |
| NOUN + to + NOUN + o / kudasai.NOUN + と + NOUN + をください。 | Please give me + NOUN + and + NOUN. |
| NOUN + to + NOUN + to + NOUN + o / kudasai.NOUN + と + NOUN + と + NOUN + をください | Please give me + NOUN + NOUN + and + NOUN. |
| Examples | |
| Hanbāgā to kōhii o kudasai.ハンバーガーとコーヒーをください。 | Please give me a hamburger and coffee. |
| Omuretsu to jūsu to kōhii o kudasai.オムレツとジュースとコーヒーを ください。 | Please give me an omelet, juice, and coffee. |
Practice
1. Practice saying the following sentences aloud.
| Waitress: | |
| Nani ni shimashō ka?何にしましょうか？ | What shall I bring you? |
| Customer: | |
| Biifu karē to sarada o kudasai.ビーフカレーとサラダをください。 | Please bring me beef curry and salad. |
| Hanbāgā to biiru o kudasai.ハンバーガーとビールをください。 | Please bring me a hamburger and a beer. |
| Sarada to miruku o kudasai.サラダとミルクをください。 | Please bring me a salad and some milk. |
2. See if you can order two items at the same time in a coffee shop or a bar. Turn to page 236 to see the answers.
a) coffee and cake
b) milk and a ham sandwich
c) coffee and salad
d) lemonade and a piece of apple pie
e) gin fizz and beer
• LESSON 4 •
Shopping at a Department Store
Here you will learn how to request various items at a department store. You will also learn the noun and adjectival forms of the Japanese expressions for this (by me), that (by you) and that (over there).
Vocabulary
| dejitaru kamera | デジタルカメラ | digital camera |
| diibiidii pureiyā | DVD プレーヤー | DVD player |
| doresu | ドレス | dress |
| hankachi | ハンカチ | handkerchief |
| kādegan | カーディガン | cardigan |
| kamera | カメラ | camera |
| konpyūta | コンピュータ | computer |
| kōto | コート | coat |
| nekutai | ネクタイ | necktie |
| rajio | ラジオ | radio |
| reinkōto (renkoto) | レインコート (レンコート) | raincoat |
| sētā | セーター | sweater |
| shatsu | シャツ | undershirt |
| shiidii | CD | CD |
| shiidii pureiyā | CD プレーヤー | CD player |
| sukāfu | スカーフ | scarf |
| sukāto | スカート | skirt |
| surakkusu | スラックス | slacks |
| sutereo | ステレオ | stereo set |
| sūtsu | スーツ | suit |
| tabako | タバコ | pack of cigarettes |
| terebi | テレビ | television set |
| waishatsu | ワイシャツ | dress shirt |
Culture and vocabulary notes
The word shatsu usually refers only to an undershirt. If you want to refer to a long-sleeved dress shirt of the sort worn with a suit, use the word waishatsu. Depending on the type of shirt, there are also such words as supōtsu shatsu, “sports shirt,” aroha shatsu, “aloha shirt,” and so on.
If you use the word pantsu to indicate a pair of slacks, you may produce giggles from a Japanese person. Pantsu generally means “underwear.” The Japanese word for men’s “pants” is zubon.
Grammar
When shopping in Japan, you may not always know the correct word for the item you wish to buy. In such cases, of course, you can just point to the item and use words for “this” or “that.” Sometimes, though, you will know the Japanese word for the item but will wish to specify which among several is the particular one you want.
In English, the sentences “Please give me this” and “Please give me this camera” both use the same word, “this,” to specify the item you want. In Japanese, however, the noun and adjective forms of “this” (and “that”) are different. Look at the following sentence pattern.
| Sentence Pattern 1B | |
| Kore o / kudasai.これをください。 | Please give this (near me) to me. |
| Sore o / kudasai.それをください。 | Please give that (near you) to me. |
| Are o / kudasai.あれをください。 | Please give that (over there) to me. |
| Kono + NOUN + o / kudasaiこの + NOUN + をください。 | Please give me this (near me) + NOUN. |
| Sono + NOUN + o / kudasai.その + NOUN + をください。 | Please give me that (near you) + NOUN. |
| Ano + NOUN + o / kudasai.あの + NOUN + をください。 | Please give me that (over there) + NOUN. |
| Examples | |
| Kore o kudasai.これをください。 | Please give this (these) to me. |
| Kono kamera o kudasai.このカメラをください。 | Please give me this (these) camera(s) (close to me). |
| Sono kamera o kudasai.そのカメラをください。 | Please give me that (the, those) camera(s) (close to you). |
| Ano kamera o kudasai.あのカメラをください。 | Please give me that (those) camera(s) (some distance from you and me). |
Kore, sore, and are take the place of the noun, just as an English pronoun does. But they are unlike English pronouns in that they have the same form whether the meaning you intend is singular or plural.
Kono, sono, and ano cannot be used without a following noun. Note, too, that Japanese nouns are unlike most English nouns in that they normally take the same form whether singular or plural.
Use kore and kono to indicate an object closer to you, the speaker. Use sore and sono to indicate an object closer to your listener. Use are and ano to indicate an object that is some distance from both