A Literary & Historical Atlas of America. J. G. Bartholomew
Carabobo, Venezuela. 9N. 68W. Victory of Bolivar over Spaniards, 1821 (S. A. W. Ind.).
Caracas, Venezuela. 10N. 66W. Sighted by Columbus, 1498; f. by Spaniards, 1567; sacked by buccaneer Amyas Preston, 1595; and by French, 1679; revolted, 1810, and after being twice retaken by Spaniards, finally delivered, 1821; destroyed by earthquake, 1812; now capital of Venezuela. Bp. Miranda, revolutionary leader (or at Santa Fé, N. Granada) (1756–1816); Bolivar, the 'Liberator' (1785–1830).
Carenas, Port, Cuba. Name given by Ocampo, who here careened his vessels, 1508.
Caribees, N. and S. (or Windward and Leeward) islands, W. Indies. 16N. 62W.; 13N. 60W. Name derived from the aboriginal tribe.
Carnifex Ferry, near Summersville, W. Virginia. 38N. 80W. Federal victory, 1861 (Civil W.).
Carolina, N. and S. (called Albemarle by refugees from Virginia, 1660). 34N. 80W. Discovered by Ponce de Léon, 1512; explored by expedition sent by De Ayllon, 1521; by Verazzani, 1524; Raleigh landed on Roanoke Island, 1584; 1663 conceded by Charles II. to Lord Clarendon and other nobles, hence its present name; constitution drawn up by Locke, 1670; became crown colony, 1729; two of the 13 original United States; both N. and S. seceded, 1861; readmitted to Union, 1868. (See Roanoke and Fort Carolina.)
Cartagena, Colombia, S.A. 10N. 75W. F. by Pedro de Heredia, 1533; Hawkins at, 1568; taken by Drake, 1586; resisted English attack under Vernon, 1741; captured by Royalists, 1815; retaken by revolutionaries, 1821. (See Colombia.)
Carthage, Jasper Co., Missouri. Confederates force Gen. Lyon to retreat, 1861 (Civil W.).
Cary Islands, off Ellesmere Land. 76N. 83W. Name given by Baffin, 1616.
Caseros, near Buenos Ayres. 34S. 58W. Final defeat of Rosas, by forces of Brazil and Uruguay, 1852.
Caxas, Peru. 10S. 79W. De Soto at, when reconnoitring for Pizarro, 1532. Painful march of Blasco Nuñez through valley of, pursued by Gonzalo Pizarro. 1544. (See Prescott, 'Peru,' op. cit.)
Cayenne, cap. of French Guiana. 4N. 52W. In possession in turns of French, English, and Dutch, 1604–76; restored to French and taken by English, 1809; French possession since Peace of 1814; formerly French penal settlement.
Cedar Creek, Virginia. 39N. 77W. Confederates defeated, 1864 (Civil W.).
Cedar Mountain, Virginia. 38N. 78W. Victory, and subsequent retreat, of 'Stonewall' Jackson, 1862 (Civil W.).
Cempoalla, Mexico. 19N. 96W. Cortés and his troops received in state by the cacique, 1519; Cortés destroys part of his fleet, 1519; his victory over Narvaez, envoy of Velasquez, Governor of Cuba, 1520. (See Prescott, 'Conquest of Mexico.')
Cerrito, near Montevideo. Spaniards defeated by Argentine revolutionaries, 1812.
Cerro, S.A. Victory of Montevideans by aid of Garibaldi over the forces of Rosas, 1846.
Cerro-Cora, Paraguay. 22S. 55W. The dictator F. S. Lopez surprised and killed by Lacerda (Chico le Diable), 1870, thus putting an end to war between Brazil and Paraguay.
Cerro Gordo, Mexico. 26N. 105W. American victory over Mexicans and flight of Santa Ana, 1847 (Mex. W.).
Ceutla, Plains of, Tabasco, Mexico. Defeat of Indians by Cortés, 1519. (Prescott, 'Conquest of Mexico.)
Chacabuco, Chili. 33S. 70W. Spaniards defeated by the Argentinians under San Martin and the allied revolutionaries, 1817 (S. A. W. Ind.).
Chalco, on lake of name, Mexico. 19N. 98W. Cortés marches along Lake of, on his way to Mexico, 1519; Mexicans defeated by Spaniards under Sandoval, 1521; noted for its 'floating gardens.' (See Prescott, 'Mexico,' op. cit.)
Chaleur Bay. 47N. 65W. So named by Cartier, 1534.
Champion Hills, Hind's Co., Miss. 32N. 90W. Confederates defeated by Gen. Grant, 1863 (Civil W.).
Champlain, Lake. 44N. 73W. Named after the explorer who reached the lake and there defeated the Iroquois, 1609; American fleet under Arnold defeated by English, 1776; English fleet by American, 1814.
Chancellorsville, near Fredericksburg, Virginia. 38N. 77W. Army of the Potomac defeated by the Confederates, and 'Stonewall' Jackson mortally wounded, 1863 (Civil W.).
Chantilly, near Washington, Virginia. 38N. 76W. Confederates driven back, 1862 (Civil W.).
Chapultepec, near the cap., Mexico. 19N. 99W. Ancient res. of kings of Mexico. Hill forts stormed by Gen. Scott, and Mexicans heavily defeated, 1847 (Mex. W.).
Charcas, Mexico. 23N. 101W. Gonzalo Pizarro at, to explore the Potosi mines, 1543.
Charleston, S. Carolina. 32N. 79W. The people of old Charlestown on the Ashley removed here, 1680; French and Spanish defeated, 1706; British fleet under Parker repulsed, 1776; surrendered to Clinton, 1780; evacuated by English, 1782; capture of Fort Sumter by S. Carolinians, 1861 (beginning of Civil W.); attacks on Forts Wagner and Sumter by Gen. Gillmore, 1863; town besieged till 1865, when evacuated by Confederates and national flag raised.
Charlestown, W. Virginia. 39N. 77W. John Brown, abolitionist, hanged, 1859.
Charlestown, Mass. 42N. 71W. Part of Boston; Bunker's Hill in; burnt by Gage, 1775; taken by British, 1779 (W. of Ind.).
Chattanooga, Tennessee. 35N. 85W. Victory of Confederates on Chickamanga Field, Sept. 20; defeat of Confederates by Grant (Look-out Mountain and Missionary Ridge), Nov. 23–25, 1863.
Chesapeake Bay (known to early explorers as Bay of St. Mary). 38N. 76W. Discovered by explorers sent by Q. V. de Ayllon, 1521; Verazzani off, 1524; De Ayllon in, 1526; expedition to, under Newport, in which John Smith took part, 1607; English Admiral Graves forced to retire, 1781 (W. of Ind.); sc. hostilities during war of 1814.
Chiahuitzlan, Mexico. 39N. 30W. Cortés at, with his troops, 1519. (Prescott, 'Mexico,' op. cit.)
Chicago, Illinois. 41N. 87W. French fur-traders at, 1654; Marquette at, 1673, and during winter 1674–5; fort built by French, 1683; abandoned when Canada ceded to English; American fort (Dearborn) built, 1804; raid and massacre by Indians, 1814; small beginning of present town laid out, 1830; terrible fire, 1871; World's Fair, 1893.
Chickahominy River, Virginia. 37N. 77W. Explored by John Smith, 1607; a series of battles fought on, ending in victory for Confederates under Lee, 1862. (See Richmond.)
Chickamanga, see Chattanooga.
Chickasaw Bayou, arm of the Yazoo river. 32N. 90W. Sherman repulsed by Confederates, 1862 (Civil W.).
Chihuahua, Mexico. 28N. 106W. Hidalgo, Mexican patriot, shot, 1811.
Chili (Chile), S.A. 32S. 70W. Almagro as conqueror in, 1536; Valdivia invades, 1540; Santiago f. by, 1541; revolt against Spanish rule, 1810; supremacy of Spain renewed, 1814; defeat of Spaniards at Chacabuco, 1817; national independence finally proclaimed after battle of Maypo, 1818; recognised at Madrid, 1844; alliance with Peru and declaration of war with Spain, 1865–6; Valparaiso bombarded by Spanish fleet, 1866; treaty with Spain, 1879; war with Peru and Bolivia, 1879–83; Balmaceda president, 1886; revolution in and revolt of navy, 1891; complications with U.S. concerning the 'Matta Note' affair, peaceably settled, 1892.
Chiloe, island. 42S. 73W. Spanish fleet defeated off by Peruvians and Chilians, 1866; Darwin on (see 'Voyage of the Beagle').
Chimborazo, see Andes.
Chincha Islands, Peru. 13S. 76W.