Liquid Crystals. Iam-Choon Khoo

Liquid Crystals - Iam-Choon Khoo


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Schematic illustration of stresses acting on opposite planes of an elementary volume of fluid.

      (3.55)f Subscript alpha Baseline equals StartFraction partial-differential Over partial-differential x Subscript beta Baseline EndFraction sigma Subscript italic alpha beta Baseline period

      where summation over repeated indices is implicit.

      By consideration of the fact that there is no force acting when the fluid velocity is a constant, the stress tensor is taken to be linear in the gradients of the velocity (see Figure 3.10), that is,

      (3.58)StartFraction partial-differential ModifyingAbove v With right harpoon with barb up Over partial-differential t EndFraction plus left-parenthesis nabla dot ModifyingAbove v With right harpoon with barb up right-parenthesis ModifyingAbove v With right harpoon with barb up equals minus StartFraction nabla p Over rho EndFraction plus StartFraction eta nabla squared ModifyingAbove v With right harpoon with barb up Over rho EndFraction plus StartFraction ModifyingAbove f With right harpoon with barb up Subscript e x t Baseline Over rho EndFraction comma

      which is usually referred to as the Navier–Stokes equation for an incompressible fluid.

      3.5.2. General Stress Tensor for Nematic Liquid Crystals

      The general theoretical framework for describing the hydrodynamics of liquid crystals has been developed principally by Leslie [16] and Ericksen [17]. Their approaches account for the fact that the stress tensor depends not only on the velocity gradients but also on the orientation and rotation of the director. Accordingly, the stress tensor is given by

      where the Aαβs are defined by

      Therefore, in this formalism, we have six so‐called Leslie coefficients, α1,α2,…, α6, which have the dimension of viscosity coefficients. It was shown by Parodi [18] that

      (3.61)alpha 2 plus alpha <hr><noindex><a href=Скачать книгу