Sapiens. Yuval Noah Harari
Neocortex Size, Group Size, and the Evolution of Language, „Current Anthropology”, 34:2 (1993), s. 189. Krytykę tego stanowiska oferują Christopher McCarthy i inni, Comparing Two Methods for Estimating Network Size, „Human Organization”, 60:1 (2001), s. 32; R.A. Hill, R.I.M. Dunbar, Social Network Size in Humans, „Human Nature”, 14:1 (2003), s. 65.
5
Yvette Taborin, Shells of the French Aurignacian and Perigordian, [w:] Before Lascaux: The Complete Record of the Early Upper Paleolithic, red. Heidi Knecht, Anne Pike-Tay, Randall White, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993, s. 211–228.
6
G.R. Summerhayes, Application of PIXE-PIGME to Archaeological Analysis of Changing Patterns of Obsidian Use in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, [w:] Archaeological Obsidian Studies: Method and Theory, red. Steven M. Shackley, New York: Plenum Press, 1998, s. 129–158.
7
Christopher Ryan, Cacilda Jethá, Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality, New York: Harper, 2010.
8
Noel G. Butlin, Economics and the Dreamtime: A Hypothetical History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, s. 98–101; Richard Broome, Aboriginal Australians, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002, s. 15; William Howell Edwards, An Introduction to Aboriginal Societies, Wentworth Falls, N.S.W.: Social Science Press, 1988, s. 52.
9
Fekri A. Hassan, Demographic Archaeology, New York: Academic Press, 1981, s. 196–199; Lewis Robert Binford, Constructing Frames of Reference: An Analytical Method for Archaeological Theory Building Using Hunter Gatherer and Environmental Data Sets, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, s. 143.
10
„Horyzont możliwości” oznacza całe spektrum wierzeń, praktyk i doświadczeń, jakie są dostępne konkretnemu społeczeństwu, przy uwzględnieniu jego ograniczeń ekologicznych, technicznych i kulturowych. Każde społeczeństwo i każda jednostka na ogół korzystają zaledwie z drobnej części swojego horyzontu możliwości.
11
Paul Seabright, The Company of Strangers: A Natural History of Economic Life, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, s. 261, przypis 2; M. Henneberg, M. Steyn, Trends in Cranial Capacity and Cranial Index in Subsaharan Africa During the Holocene, „American Journal of Human Biology”, 5:4 (1993), s. 473–479.
12
Nicholas G. Blurton Jones i inni, Antiquity of Postreproductive Life: Are There Modern Impact on Hunter-Gatherer Postreproductive Life Spans?, „American Journal of Human Biology”, 14 (2002), s. 184–205.
13
Kim Hill, A. Magdalena Hurtado, Aché Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People, New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1996, s. 164, 236.
14
Ibidem, s. 78.
15
Vincenzo Formicola, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Double Child Burial from Sunghir (Russia): Pathology and Inferences for Upper Paleolithic Funerary Practices, „American Journal of Physical Anthropology”, 124:3 (2004), s. 189–198; Giacomo Giacobini, Richness and Diversity of Burial Rituals in the Upper Paleolithic, „Diogenes”, 54:2 (2007), s. 19–39.
16
Można dowodzić, że nie wszyscy z 18 mieszkańców doliny Dunaju ponieśli śmierć na skutek aktów przemocy, których ślady są widoczne na ich szczątkach. Niektórzy mogli być tylko ranni. Z drugiej strony, przypadki te mogą się równoważyć ze zgonami spowodowanymi przez urazy tkanki łącznej oraz niewidoczne negatywne skutki wojny.
17
I.J.N. Thorpe, Anthropology, Archaeology, and the Origin of Warfare, „World Archaeology”, 35:1 (2003), s. 145–165; Raymond C. Kelly, Warless Societies and the Origin of War, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000; Azar Gat, War in Human Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006; Lawrence H. Keeley, War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; Slavomil Vencl, Stone Age Warfare, [w:] Ancient Warfare: Archaeological Perspectives, red. John Carman, Anthony Harding, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999, s. 57–73.
18
James F. O’Connell, Jim Allen, Pre-LGM Sahul (Pleistocene Australia – New Guinea) and the Archeology of Early Modern Humans, [w:] Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioural and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans, red. Paul Mellars, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katie Boyle, Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2007, s. 395–410; James F. O’Connell, Jim Allen, When did humans first arrive in greater Australia and why is it important to know?, „Evolutionary Anthropology”, 6:4 (1998), s. 132–146; James F. O’Connell, Jim Allen, Dating the Colonization of Sahul (Pleistocene Australia – New Guinea): A Review of Recent Research, „Journal of Radiological Science”, 31:6 (2004), s. 835–853; Jon M. Erlandson, Anatomically Modern Humans, Maritime Voyaging, and the Pleistocene Colonization of the Americas, [w:] The first Americans: the Pleistocene Colonization of the New World, red. Nina G. Jablonski, San Francisco: University of California Press, 2002, s. 59–60, 63–64; Jon M. Erlandson, Torben C. Rick, Archeology Meets Marine Ecology: The Antiquity of Maritime Cultures and Human Impacts on Marine Fisheries and Ecosystems, „Annual Review of Marine Science”, 2 (2010), s. 231–251; Atholl Anderson, Slow Boats from China: Issues in the Prehistory of Indo-China Seafaring, „Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia”, 16 (2000), s. 13–50; Robert G. Bednarik, Maritime Navigation in the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, „Earth and Planetary Sciences” 328 (1999), s. 559–560; Robert G. Bednarik, Seafaring in the Pleistocene, „Cambridge Archaeological Journal”, 13:1 (2003), s. 41–66.
19
Timothy F. Flannery, The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and Peoples, Port Melbourne, Vic.: Reed Books Australia, 1994; Anthony D. Barnosky i inni, Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents, „Science”, 306:5693 (2004), s. 70–75; Bary W. Brook, David M.J.S. Bowman, The Uncertain Blitzkrieg of Pleistocene Megafauna, „Journal of Biogeography”, 31:4 (2004), s. 517–523; Gifford H. Miller i inni, Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction, „Science”, 309:5732 (2005), s. 287–290; Richard G. Roberts i inni, New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent Wide Extinction about 46,000 Years Ago, „Science”, 292:5523 (2001), s. 1888–1892.
20
Stephen Wroe, Judith Field, A Review of Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation, „Quaternary Science Reviews”, 25:21–22 (2006), s. 2692–2703; Barry W. Brooks i inni, Would the Australian Megafauna Have Become Extinct If Humans Had Never Colonised the Continent? Comments on ‘A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation’ by S. Wroe and J. Field, „Quaternary Science Reviews” 26:3–4 (2007), s. 560–564; Chris S.M. Turney i inni, Late-Surviving Megafauna in Tasmania, Australia, Implicate Human Involvement in their Extinction, „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”, 105:34 (2008), s. 12 150–12 153.
21
John