The Quilter's Bible. Linda
leave dots rather than a continuous line.
Embroidery transfer marker – This method is suitable for designs that will be cut out or where stitching will obscure the marked line. Draw the design on paper with a pencil. Turn the paper over and draw the design again, following the pencil line with an embroidery transfer marker. Position the design on the right side of the fabric with the marker line down. Use a warm iron to transfer the marked line on to the fabric.
Needle marking – Also called needle tracking, this method temporarily scores the fabric. Place the quilt top on a padded surface so the needle point can be pressed into it. Use the tip of a blunt tapestry needle to score the design on the fabric.
Perforated paper – Perforated paper and chalk powder are used in a technique called pierce and pounce, where chalk is pushed through holes in the paper. It can be used to mark dark fabrics. Draw the quilting design on paper and follow the lines with an unthreaded sewing machine to pierce holes. Place the paper on the fabric, sprinkle chalk over it and use a pad of cottonwool to push the powder through the holes. Use a chalk marker to go over the dotted lines.
Stencils and templates – These are very popular ways to mark designs and quilting patterns – see Using Templates and Marking Designs.
Using Templates
Templates are invaluable for patchwork, appliqué and quilting and can be made from various materials. Uses for templates are suggested throughout the book but in the main they are used to mark fabric pieces that make up patchwork blocks, to mark shapes for appliqué ready for cutting out, and to mark quilting patterns on a quilt top.
There are many commercial templates available to help make all sorts of blocks, including curved blocks, so it is worth checking quilting shops and online stores for templates that will help make work faster and easier. Check that any templates you plan to use are the correct size and shape and fit together as they should before you cut dozens of fabric pieces. Store templates flat and uncreased. They can be stored according to shape and labelled so you can quickly see what size they are. Marking the centre point and the centre lines of a template shape can also help when positioning it on fabric.
Template Materials
The following materials can be used for making templates.
• Thin card or thick paper – Trace the design on to the card or paper and cut it out on the line. Templates made from card are fairly robust so can be used many times.
• Plastic – Sheets of thin, clear plastic are available. The transparency makes it useful for ‘fussy cutting’ fabrics and its durability means that templates can be used over and over. Some stationery stores have large A1 sheets of plastic, which are slightly thicker than the plastic used for patchwork and quilting but are much cheaper.
A range of templates made from different materials. Clear plastic templates are useful to place over a specific area of a fabric piece or patchwork block.
• Metal and plastic – Pre-cut metal and plastic templates are available for English paper piecing. The materials are hard wearing and can be used as master templates, allowing many paper templates to be made from them.
• Freezer paper – This has a waxy side that can be temporarily stuck to fabric. It is useful for appliqué, allowing you to cut out designs, fold the seam allowance on to the waxy side, and stick in place – see Freezer Paper Appliqué for more details. It can also be cut to a shape and used as a quilting outline.
Using Isometric Paper
Isometric paper is composed of triangles of equal dimensions and is useful for drafting designs and creating templates, especially for English paper piecing. It is available in metric sizes.
To use isometric paper to create a hexagon, use a ruler to draw the shape on the paper following the printed lines (see diagram). Cut the hexagon from the paper, following the marked lines. Use a glue stick to glue the shape to stiff card and cut it out, again making sure you cut on the line. Label the template ready for use. See also Isometric Paper for Unusual Shapes.
Enlarging and Reducing
By far the easiest method of changing the scale of a template or image is to use a photocopier or a computer scanner. When reducing or enlarging a pattern or template shape a percentage is used to describe the amount by which the shape has been changed – a number under 100 means it has been reduced in size; a number over 100 means it has been enlarged. Three easy percentages are 75 per cent, 50 per cent and 25 per cent: a pattern reduced by 75 per cent will be three-quarters of its original size; a shape reduced by 50 per cent will be half the original size and one reduced by 25 per cent will be a quarter of its size. When enlarging an image, enlarging by 200 per cent will double the size of the original. Enlarging by 150 per cent will make the shape half as large as the original.
If you don’t have a photocopier or scanner you can use graph paper or a drawn grid to enlarge or reduce a design. Draw the design on a grid of, say, 1⁄4in (6mm) squares. Now use a grid with squares twice the size (1⁄2in/1.3cm), and copy the lines of the drawing in the same places on the grid. This doubles the size of the design. To reduce a design reverse the grid sizes. Many types of graph paper can be downloaded free from websites – search for ‘download graph paper’ for sites.
Making a Simple Template
Making your own templates is a useful skill. These instructions use a cat motif but the principles are the same for any shape.
1. Start by creating the shape or motif you require at the size needed. There are several methods you can use to do this, as follows.
• If the shape is already the size you want, simply trace it with a pencil on to tracing paper.
• If the shape is a geometric one, draw it following the instructions in Drawing and Cutting Shapes.
• Some polygon shapes can be drawn using isometric paper (see Using Isometric Paper).
• If the shape is too large or too small, reduce or enlarge it using a photocopier or computer scanner, and print it on to thick paper or thin card. If you don’t have access to a photocopier or scanner, follow the instructions above for enlarging and reducing designs.
2. Once you have your shape or motif, create a master template from it by copying it on to sturdy material such as thick paper, thin card or template plastic. Use a pen with a fine point so the shape stays true to the original. Cut it out with sharp paper-cutting or household scissors. Take care that you don’t inadvertently enlarge the shape as you cut it out – cut exactly on the line or just inside to avoid this. Label the shape ‘master’ and add its finished size, if relevant.