Bacterial Pathogenesis. Brenda A. Wilson
Cytotoxic T Cells, Also Known as Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs)
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: Critical Defense against Intracellular Pathogens
Antigen Presentation to the Immune System
Processing of Protein Antigens by Dendritic Cells
Interaction between APCs and T Cells: The T-Cell-Dependent Response
Th-(Th1/Th2/Th17)-Cell-Mediated Immunity
Production of Antibodies by B Cells
Links between the Innate and Adaptive Defense Systems
T-Cell-Independent Antibody Responses
Mucosal Immunity: IgA/sIgA Antibodies
Development of the Adaptive Immune System from Infancy to Adulthood
Adaptive Defense Systems in Nonmammals
The Dark Side of the Adaptive Defenses: Autoimmune Disease
Solving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis
CHAPTER 5 The Microbiota of the Human Body: Microbiomes and Beyond
Importance of the Normal Resident Microbial Populations (Microbiota) of the Human Body
Characterization of the Body’s Microbiota
Taking a Microbial Census by Using Microbial rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis
Characterizing Microbiomes by Using Metagenomic Analysis
Overview of the Human Microbiota
Microbiota of the Small Intestine and Colon
Microbiota of the Vaginal Tract
The Other Microbiota: The Forgotten Eukaryotes
Solving Problems in Bacterial Pathogenesis
CHAPTER 6 Microbes and Disease: Establishing a Connection
History and Relevance of Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s Postulates: A Set of Criteria Used To Establish a Microbe-Disease Connection
Challenges to Satisfying Koch’s Postulates
The First Postulate: Association of the Microbe with Lesions of the Disease
The Second Postulate: Isolating the Bacterium in Pure Culture
The Fourth Postulate: Reisolating the Bacterium from the Intentionally Infected Animal
Modern Alternatives To Satisfy Koch’s Postulates
Detecting the Presence of the Pathogen Only in Diseased Tissues
Eliminate the Pathogen and Prevent or Cure the Disease
Comparative Infectious Disease Causation
The Microbiota Shift Disease Problem
Koch’s Postulates and Pathogenic Microbial Communities
Keystone Pathogens and Microbial Shift Diseases