|
DIT
|
diet-induced thermogenesis
|
|
DPP
|
Diabetes Prevention Program
|
|
EDRF
|
endothelial-derived relaxing factor
|
|
EE
|
energy expenditure
|
|
eIF
|
eukaryotic initiation factor
|
|
eNOS
|
endothelial NO synthase
|
|
ER
|
endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
ERK
|
extracellular signal-regulated kinase
|
|
FABP(pm)
|
fatty acid binding protein (plasma membrane isoform)
|
|
FAD
|
flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidised form)
|
|
FADH2
|
flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
|
|
FAT
|
fatty acid translocase
|
|
FATP
|
fatty acid transport protein
|
|
FFM
|
fat-free mass
|
|
FGF
|
fibroblast growth factor
|
|
FH
|
familial hypercholesterolaemia
|
|
FIL
|
feedback inhibitor of lactation
|
|
FoxO
|
Forkhead box ‘Other’
|
|
FQ
|
food quotient
|
|
FSH
|
follicle-stimulating hormone
|
|
FXR
|
farnesoid X-receptor
|
|
G
|
Gibbs ‘free’ energy
|
|
G6-P
|
glucose 6-phosphate
|
|
GDP
|
guanosine 5′-diphosphate
|
|
GH
|
growth hormone
|
|
GHSR
|
growth hormone secretagogue receptor
|
|
GIP
|
gastric inhibitory polypeptide, also known as glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide
|
|
GK
|
glucokinase
|
|
GLP (1 and 2)
|
glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2
|
|
GLUT
|
glucose transporter
|
|
GOAT
|
ghrelin-O-acyltransferase
|
|
GPAT
|
glycerol phosphate-acyl transferase
|
|
GPCR
|
G protein-coupled receptor
|
|
GPIHBP1
|
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1
|
|
GR
|
glucocorticoid receptor
|
|
GSK
|
glycogen synthase kinase
|
|
GTP
|
guanosine 5′-trisphosphate
|
|
HDAC
|
histone deacetylation/deacetylase
|
|
HDL
|
high density lipoprotein
|
|
HIF-1
|
hypoxia-inducible factor-1
|
|
HIV
|
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
|
|
HK
|
hexokinase
|
|
HMG-CoA
|
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
|
|
hPL
|
human placental lactogen
|
|
HSL
|
hormone-sensitive lipase
|
|
5-HT
|
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
|
IDDM
|
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
|
|
IGF
|
insulin-like growth factor
|
|
IL
|
interleukin
|
|
IMM
|
inner mitochondrial membrane
|
|
JAK
|
originally Just Another Kinase; redesignated JAnus Kinase
|
|
K
a
|
dissociation constant for an acid
|
|
K
m
|
Michaelis constant
|
|
LADA
|
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
|
|
LCAD
|
long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
|
|
LCAT
|
lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase
|
|
LDL
|
low-density lipoprotein
|
|
LH
|
luteinising hormone
|
|
LPL
|
lipoprotein lipase
|
|
LXR
|
liver X-receptor
|
|
MAPK
|
mitogen-activated protein kinase
|
|
MET
|
(unit of work): 1 MET = resting metabolic rate
|
|
MI
|
myocardial infarction
|
|
MODS
|
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
|
|
MODY
|
maturity-onset diabetes of the young
|
|
Mr
|
relative molecular mass
|
|
mRNA
|
messenger-RNA
|
|
MSH
|
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
|
|
mTOR
|
mammalian (or mechanistic) Target Of Rapamycin
|
|
NAD+, NADH
|
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (+, oxidised form; H, reduced form)
|
|
NADP+, NADPH
|
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (+, oxidised form; H, reduced form)
|
|
NAFLD
|
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
|
|
Nam
|
nicotinamide
|
|
Nampt
|
