.
surface. Male: Length, 455; wing, 250; tail, 163. Female: Length, 445; wing, 250; tail, 163.
This bird is a very slightly differentiated race of the green imperial pigeon.
34. MUSCADIVORES ÆNEA (Linnæus).
GREEN IMPERIAL PIGEON.
Columba ænea Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12 (1766), 1, 283.
Carpophaga ænea Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 190, 193 (part); Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 64; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1901), 1, 85.
Muscadivora ænea McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 11 (part).
Bongao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge, Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester). Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, Indo-Chinese countries, Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands.
Adult (sexes alike).—Head, neck, and abdomen gray, tinged with vinaceous; breast gray; forehead and chin whitish; under tail-coverts dark chestnut; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings metallic green, mixed with metallic copper-color; primaries and secondaries blackish with mealy edges. “Iris red; bill gray; region of nostrils dull red; edges of eyelids, legs, and feet purplish red.” (Oates.) Length, about 450; wing, 240; tail, 150; exposed culmen, 23; tarsus, 27. Female slightly smaller than male.
35. MUSCADIVORES PICKERINGI (Cassin).
PICKERING’S IMPERIAL PIGEON.
Carpophaga pickeringii Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1854), 7, 228; Ornith. Wilkes Exped. (1858), 267, pl. 27.
Carpophaga pickeringi Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 201; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 65.
Muscadivora pickeringi McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 11.
A-bu-un, Cagayancillo.
Cagayancillo3 (McGregor); Cagayan Sulu (Guillemard); Sibutu (Everett); Sulu (Guillemard). Mantanani Islands, Lawas River, northwest Borneo.
“Adult male.—Head and under parts grayish vinous, changing into pure gray on lower hind neck and upper mantle; frontal edge, a ring of feathers round eyes, and chin whitish; back, rump, and wings grayish green (in some specimens with a slight brown tinge), with a metallic luster in some lights; longer upper tail-coverts and tail above metallic bottle-green; primaries mealy green, especially on outer webs; under surface of wings and tail gray; under tail-coverts gray with a reddish tinge. ‘Iris crimson; bill light lead-gray; feet dull crimson.’ (Everett.) Length, about 400; wing, 240; tail, 173; bill, 20; tarsus, 28.
“Female.—Similar to the male.” (Salvadori.)
This species was very abundant on Cagayancillo where it fed entirely on young leaves of trees.
36. MUSCADIVORES LANGHORNEI (Mearns).
LANGHORNE’S IMPERIAL PIGEON.
Muscadivora langhornei Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. (1905), 18, 84; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 11.
East Bolod (Mearns); West Bolod (Mearns).
“This large fruit pigeon is closely related to Muscadivora pickeringi (Cassin) from Mangsee Island north of Borneo, on the west side of the Sulu Sea, of which the type (No. 15732) is in United States National Museum. The size is practically the same; but the colors differ as follows: General coloration paler; the vinous-gray of the head and under parts is darker, the gray of lower hind neck extends farther down on the mantle, the white around the base of the bill and surrounding the eye is more extensive, the back and rump are paler and less brownish gray, the wings are paler, grayer and less greenish, and the under tail-coverts less reddish. Iris purplish red; region of the nostrils dark plumbeous; bill light plumbeous; naked eyelid deep vinaceous; bare space around eye plumbeous; feet vinaceous, flesh-color on under side of toes; claws plumbeous. Three adult males: Length, 456, 456, 460; alar expanse, 770, 760, 770; wing, 242, 242, 243; tail, 180, 180, 178; culmen, 19, 21, 19; tarsus, 30, 31, 32; middle toe with claw, 48, 49, 45.” (Mearns.)
Genus PTILOCOLPA Bonaparte, 1854.
Sexes unlike in plumage; bill and gape rather small compared with Muscadivores; nostril opening elongate; first primary attenuated and scooped on inner web; second primary slightly scooped; inner primaries obliquely cut at tip; the outline sinuous and outer web extending beyond shaft and inner web; tarsus partly feathered.
Species.
a1. Chin, throat, and upper part of chest gray or black.b1. Band on fore breast light slate-gray. carola (p. 46)b2. Band on fore breast black. nigrorum (p. 47)
a2. Chin, throat, and upper part of chest nearly pure white. mindanensis (p. 47)
37. PTILOCOLPA CAROLA (Bonaparte).
GRAY-BREASTED FRUIT PIGEON.
Carpophaga carola Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium (1854), 2, 34; Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 206.
Ptilocolpa carola Grant, Ibis (1895), 117; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 489; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 65; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 12.
Ptilocolpa griseipectus Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium (1854), 2, 34.
Luzon (Gevers, Heriot, Whitehead, McGregor); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Whitehead, McGregor, Porter); Mindanao (Everett, Koch & Schadenberg);4 Sibuyan (McGregor).
Adult male.—All of head, neck all around, back and interscapulars light gray; chin white; lower throat delicate light gray, bordered behind by a narrow white band and this followed by a wide, dark gray band on fore breast; lower breast, abdomen, and flanks dark chestnut, darker and slightly purplish on breast; sides gray; alula, primaries, and their coverts, dark, glossy blue-green; secondaries blue-green, mealy along outer edges; wing-coverts and inner secondaries canescent, the smaller feathers each with a dark spot at tip; rump-feathers canescent with glossy green centers and light purple edges; rectrices and upper coverts glossy blue-green, shafts black; rectrices black below, except outermost pair which are brown with white shafts. Iris white mottled with pink; bill rose-pink, the “nail” white; legs rose-pink, nails brown. Two males from Benguet, Luzon, average: Length, 356; wing, 216; tail, 131; culmen from base, 22; tarsus, 22.
Adult female.—Somewhat similar to the male but without a white band across the crop; fore breast light purple dulled by its slightly mealy look; held toward the light, it becomes green and away from the light, slightly metallic copper-red washed with vinous; rest of under parts much lighter chestnut than in male; wing-coverts glossy green, lesser and median coverts with blue spots at tips; interscapulars vinous and slightly mealy; lower back and rump green with touches of deep blue. The following notes are from an adult female taken in Benguet, Luzon: Iris with an inner white ring and outer pinkish ring; eyelids dirty white; bare skin about eyes blue-gray; bill deep rose-red, tip white; legs and feet rose-red, soles yellowish; nails brown.
Young.—Immature birds have the fore breast chestnut, uniform with the abdomen, thus not resembling the adult plumage of either sex; wings rich metallic green, or copper-red, without canescence and the primaries neither scooped nor cut as are those of the adult.
The plumage