.
& Worcester, Goodfellow); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Schmacker, Whitehead, McGregor, Porter); Negros (Meyer, Everett, Steere Exp., Keay); Palawan (Platen, White); Panay (Bourns & Worcester); Romblon (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Samar (Whitehead); Semirara (Worcester); Siasi (Guillemard); Sibay (McGregor & Worcester); Sibutu (Everett); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor); Verde (McGregor). North Borneo, Marianne Islands.
Adult (sexes alike).—Forehead and face pearl-gray; top and sides of head and nape darker, washed with vinous, nuchal collar blackish, each feather touched with gray, the tips faint metallic green; behind collar a band of light rusty brown; rest of upper parts, including tail-coverts, tertiaries, and proximal wing-coverts, earthy brown; chin white shading into light vinous on throat, breast, and sides of neck and abdomen; sides and flanks gray; middle of abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts white; alula, primary-coverts, and primaries blackish brown, the last with narrow whitish edges, secondaries similar to primaries; distal coverts in each series slate-gray; rectrices blackish brown below; outer webs of shortest pair white; three outer pairs with wide gray ends and narrow white tips; three middle pairs with brown ends. Iris light orange or reddish brown; bill dark horn-blue; angle of mouth dull red; legs light carmine; nails brown. Length, 300 to 330; three males average: Wing, 161; tail, 134; exposed culmen, 15; tarsus, 25; middle toe with claw, 31. Two females: Wing, 158; tail, 129; culmen, 18; tarsus, 24; middle toe with claw, 31.
“Enormously abundant in many localities, especially about the rice-fields after harvest. Everywhere common in open country. It is a favorite cage bird with the natives, who call it took-moo from its note. The nest, which is a mere platform of sticks and twigs, is placed on the branch of some low tree or bush. The eggs are pure white in color, and oval in form, with both ends rather sharply pointed. They measure 28.4 to 30.5 in length by 20.8 to 21.3 in breadth.
“Eyes golden brown; feet purple; length, 305; wing 155; tail, 123; culmen, 20; tarsus, 24; middle toe with claw, 32.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.)
Dussumier’s dove occurs in nearly every island of the group; it is partial to open, lowland country. After harvest it feeds in the rice-fields, being found in pairs or small companies.
Genus ŒNOPOPELIA Blanford, 1898.
Tail short and square, its feathers subequal; first primary nearly or quite as long as the second.
47. ŒNOPOPELIA HUMILIS (Temminck).
RED TURTLE DOVE.
Columba humilis Temminck, Pl. Col. (1824), 259.
Turtur humilis Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 434.
Onopopelia humilis Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 79.
Onopopelia humulis McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 14 (error).
Bá-to ba-tó de col-lar, Manila.
Calayan (McGregor); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Cuming, Möllendorff, Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester). China, Japan, Indo-Chinese countries, eastern Bengal, Andamans.
Adult male.—Back, wings, and under parts nearly uniform vinaceous-red; upper parts darker, more reddish brown; head and sides of face light slate-gray sharply separated from color of back by a narrow, black, nuchal band; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish slate; chin white or nearly so; vent and under tail-coverts white; alula, primary-coverts, primaries, and secondaries blackish brown; rectrices black below; three outer pairs with the terminal third white; three inner pairs with terminal third pearl-gray; outermost pair with outer web all white; middle pair brown above. Iris dark; bill, legs, and nails black. Length, 215 to 240. Three males average: Wing, 138; tail, 90; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 25.
Adult female.—Color pattern as in the male but the vinaceous-red replaced by earthy brown; under parts paler with a faint vinaceous wash; head brown like the back. Three females average: Wing, 128; tail, 77; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 24.
Young.—The young male is like the adult female but lacks the nuchal band and under parts have no vinaceous wash; wing-coverts and feathers of breast tipped with yellowish brown.
The eastern ruddy dove is one of the common doves in Luzon; it is very abundant in open lowland country where it feeds upon the ground. Like the barred and Dussumier’s doves this species is common in the vicinity of Manila; many are sold in the markets throughout the year. In the other islands it is very scarce.
Genus SPILOPELIA Sundevall, 1873.
Tail graduated; its outermost feather 40 mm. shorter than the central pair; a wide band of feathers on neck with bifurcated tips.
48. SPILOPELIA TIGRINA (Temminck and Knip).
MALAY SPOTTED DOVE.
Columba tigrina Temminck and Knip, Hist. Nat. des Pig. (1808–11), 1, pl. 43.
Turtur tigrinus Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 440.
Spilopelia tigrina Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 80; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1901), 1, 98; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 14.
Balabac (Everett); Palawan (Whitehead, McGregor, Celestino, White). Burma, Malay Peninsula, Greater and Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes, Moluccas.
Adult (sexes alike).—Head dark gray with a vinaceous wash; forehead and face lighter; lores with a small black spot; bifurcated feathers of neck black with white tips; feathers of upper parts brown with paler, dull, rusty edges and dark shaft-stripes, the stripes widest on tertials and wing-coverts; distal coverts in each series pearl-gray, outer webs white; quills brown with narrow pale edges; lower parts vinous; paler, nearly white on chin; abdomen white washed with buff; under tail-coverts white; three outer tail-feathers black broadly tipped with white; next pair black, tipped with gray; two central feathers uniform brown, next pair black with a broad, terminal, brown band. “Iris reddish pearl; bill black; feet pinkish.” (Wallace.) Length, about 300; wing, 145; tail, 150; exposed culmen, 17; tarsus, 22.
Young.—“More rufescent above and beneath; feathers of the hind neck of a pale brown with grayish edges.” (Salvadori.)
The Malay spotted dove occurs in small numbers as a winter visitant to Balabac and Palawan. Whitehead says it is “scarce and very local” in Palawan; Celestino took several specimens at Puerto Princesa.
Subfamily GEOPELIINÆ.
Genus GEOPELIA Swainson, 1837.
Tip of first primary very slender; tail long and greatly graduated, and its feathers very slender. This genus contains the smallest Philippine doves.
49. GEOPELIA STRIATA (Linnæus).
BARRED GROUND DOVE.
Columba striata Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed 12 (1766), 1, 282.
Geopelia striata Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 458; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 80; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1901), 1, 101; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 14.
Ba-to ba-tó ca-tic′-bi, Manila.
Lubang