The Fundamentals of Bacteriology. Charles Bradfield Morrey
in long threads and surrounded by a sheath. Reproduction also by gonidia formed from an entire cell.
ORDER II. THIOBACTERIA: SULPHUR BACTERIA.
Cells without a nucleus, but containing sulphur granules, may be colorless or contain bacteriopurpurin and be colored reddish or violet.
1. Family Beggiatoaceæ.
Genus 1. Thiothrix Winogradsky.
Genus 2. Beggiatoa Trevisan. Of interest since it is without a sheath, is motile, but without flagella (Fig. 59).
2. Family Rhodobacteriaceæ.
This has five subfamilies and twelve genera, most of which are due to the Russian bacteriologist Winogradsky who did more work than anyone else with the sulphur bacteria.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN BACTERIOLOGISTS.
The Committee on Classification of the Society of American Bacteriologists at the meeting held in December, 1919, submitted its final report. This report has not been formally adopted as a whole, but in all probability will be substantially as outlined below. This outline does not attempt to give the detailed characterizations of the different groups as defined by the committee, but does show the names to be applied to the commoner organisms. These organisms are included in the 4th and 5th orders. Details of the first three orders have not been worked out. They are listed merely for completeness.
CLASS SCHIZOMYCETES.
Unicellular, chlorophyl-free plants, reproducing by transverse division (some forms by gonidia also).
Orders:
A. Myxobacteriales—Cells united during vegetative stage into a pseudo-plasmodium which passes over into a highly developed cyst-producing resting stage.
B. Thiobacteriales—Sulphur bacteria.
C. Chlamydobacteriales—Iron bacteria and other sheathed bacteria.
D. Actinomycetales—Actinomyces, tubercle and diphtheria bacilli.
E. Eubacteriales—All the other common bacteria.
Genera of Orders D and E.
D. ACTINOMYCETALES—
Family I. Actinomycetaceæ Buchanan, 1918.
Genus 1. Actinobacillus, Brampt, 1900.
Type species, Actinobacillus lignieresi Brampt, 1900.
Genus 2. Leptotrichia Trevisan, 1879.
Type species, Leptotrichia buccalis (Robin, 1847) Trevisan.
Genus 3. Actinomyces Harz, 1877.
Type species, Actinomyces bovis Harz.
Genus 4. Erysipelothrix Rosenbach, 1909.
Type species, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiæ (Kitt, 1893) Rosenbach, swine erysipelas.
Family II. Mycobacteriaceæ Chester, 1897.
Genus 1. Mycobacterium Lehmann and Neumann, 1896.
Type species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch, 1882) L. and N.
Genus 2. Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann, 1896.
Type species, Corynebacterium diphtheriæ (Loeffler, 1882) L. and N.
Genus 3. Fusiformis Hoelling, 1910.
Type species, Fusiformis termitidis Hoelling. Vincent’s angina.
Genus 4. Pfeifferella Buchanan, 1918.
Type species, Pfeifferella mallei (Loeffler, 1896) Buchanan. Glanders bacillus.
E. EUBACTERIALES
Family I—Nitrobacteriaceæ—Proto- or autotrophic for N or C and sometimes for both (except Acetobacter).
Tribe I—Nitrobactereæ—autotrophic for C.
Genus 1. Hydrogenomonas Jensen, 1909.
Type species, Hydrogenomonas pantotropha (Kaserer, 1906) Jensen; oxidizes free H.
Genus 2. Methanomonas Jensen, 1909.
Type species, Methanomonas methanica (Söhngen) Jensen; oxidizes CH4.
Genus 3. Carboxydomonas Jensen, 1909.
Type species, Carboxydomonas oligocarbophila (Beijerinck and Van Delden, 1903) Jensen; oxidizes CO.
Genus 4. Acetobacter Fuhrman, 1905.
Type species, Acetobacter aceti (Thompson, 1852) Fuhrman; oxidizes alcohol to acetic acid.
Genus 5. Nitrosomonas Winogradsky, 1892.
Type species, Nitrosomonas europoea Winogradsky; oxidizes ammonia or ammonium salts to nitrous acid, hence nitrites.
Genus 6. Nitrobacter Winogradsky, 1892.
Type species, Nitrobacter Winogradskyi Committee of 1917; oxidizes nitrous acid (nitrites) to nitric acid (nitrates).
Tribe II—Azotobactereæ—prototrophic for N.
Genus 7. Azotobacter Beijerinck, 1901; large, free-living, aerobic N absorbers.
Type species, Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck.
Genus 8. Rhizobium Frank, 1889.
Type species, Rhizobium leguminosarum Frank; root tubercle bacteria of legumes.
Family II—Pseudomonadaceæ, Committee of 1917.
Genus 1. Pseudomonas Migula, 1894.
Type species, Pseudomonas violacea (Schroeter, 1872) Migula.
Family III—Spirillaceæ Migula, 1894—all spiral bacteria.
Genus 1. Vibrio Müller, 1786, emended by E. F. Smith, 1905.
Type species, Vibrio choleræ (Koch, 1884) Schroeter, 1886.
Genus 2. Spirillum Ehrenberg, 1830, emended Migula, 1894.
Type species, Spirillum undula (Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg.
Family IV—Coccaceæ Zopf, 1884, emended Migula, 1894—all cocci.
Tribe I—Neissereæ.
Genus 1. Neisseria Trevisan, 1885.
Type species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae Trevisan.
Tribe II—Streptococceæ Trevisan, 1889.
Genus 2. Diplococcus Weichselbaum, 1886.
Type species, Diplococcus pneumoniae Weichselbaum.
Genus 3. Leuconostoc Van Tieghem, 1878.
Type species, Leuconostoc mesenterioides (Cienkowski) Van Tieghem.
Genus 4. Streptococcus Rosenbach, 1884; emended Winslow and Rogers, 1905.
Type species, Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach.
Tribe III—Micrococceæ Trevisan, 1889.
Genus 5. Staphylococcus Rosenbach, 1884; animal parasites.
Type species, Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach.
Genus 6. Micrococcus Cohn, 1872, emended