First stage of canoe construction: assembled gunwale frame is used to locate stakes temporarily on building bed. (Sketch by Adney.)
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Second stage of canoe construction: bark cover is laid out on the building bed, and the gunwales are in place upon it. (Sketch by Adney.)
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Photo: Malecite canoe builders near Fredericton, N.B., using wooden plank building bed.
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Sketch: Two common styles of root stitching used in bark canoes.
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Comparison of canoe on the building bed and canoe when first removed from building bed during fifth stage of construction. (Detail sketches by Adney.)
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Third stage of canoe construction: the bark cover is shaped on the building bed. (Sketch by Adney.)
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Cross section of canoe on building bed during third and fourth stages of construction. (Sketch by Adney.)
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Sketch: Multiple cross section through one side of a canoe on the building bed, at the headboard, middle, first, and second thwarts.
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Fourth stage of canoe construction: bark cover has been shaped and all stakes placed. (Sketch by Adney.)
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Fifth stage of canoe construction: canoe is removed from building bed and set on horses to shape ends and complete sewing. (Sketch by Adney.)
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Ribs being dried and shaped for Ojibway canoe. (Canadian Geological Survey photo.)
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Sketch: Details of ribs and method of shaping them in pairs.
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Sixth stage of canoe construction: in this stage splints for sheathing (upper left) are fixed in place and held by temporary ribs (lower right) under the gunwales. (Sketch by Adney.)
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General details of birch-bark canoe construction, in a drawing by Adney. (From Harper's Young People, supplement, July 29, 1890.)
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Gunwale construction and thwart or crossbar fastenings, as shown in a sketch by Adney. (Harper's Young People, supplement, July 29, 1890.)
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"Peter Joe at Work." Drawing by Adney for his article "How an Indian Birch-Bark Canoe is Made." (Harper's Young People, supplement, July 29, 1890.)
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Lines of 2-fathom Micmac pack, or woods, canoe.
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Lines of 2-fathom Micmac pack, or woods, canoe.
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Lines of 2-fathom Micmac pack, or woods, canoe.
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Lines of 2½-fathom Micmac big-river canoe.
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Lines of 3-fathom Micmac ocean canoe fitted for sailing.
