Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials. Группа авторов
CARBON
GRAPHITIZATION
GRAPHITIZATION HEAT TREATMENT
GRAPHITIZED CARBON
GREEN COKE
HARD AMORPHOUS CARBON FILMS
HEXAGONAL GRAPHITE
HIGH‐PRESSURE GRAPHITIZATION
HIGHLY ORIENTED PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE
ISOTROPIC CARBON
ISOTROPIC PITCH‐BASED CARBON FIBERS
LAMP BLACK
MESOGENIC PITCH
MESOPHASE PITCH
MESOPHASE PITCH‐BASED CARBON FIBERS
METALLURGICAL COKE
MICROPOROUS CARBON
MPP‐BASED CARBON FIBERS
NATURAL GRAPHITE
NEEDLE COKE
NON‐GRAPHITIC CARBON
NON‐GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON
NUCLEAR GRAPHITE
PAN‐BASED CARBON FIBERS
PARTICULATE CARBON
PETROLEUM COKE
PETROLEUM PITCH
PITCH
PITCH‐BASED CARBON FIBERS
POLYCRYSTALLINE GRAPHITE
POLYGRANULAR CARBON
POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITE
PREMIUM COKE
PUFFING
PUFFING INHIBITOR
PYROLYTIC CARBON
PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE
RAW COKE
RAYON‐BASED CARBON FIBERS
REGULAR COKE
RHOMBOHEDRAL GRAPHITE
SEMICOKE
SOOT
SPHERICAL CARBONACEOUS MESOPHASE
STABILIZATION TREATMENT OF THERMOPLASTIC PRECURSOR FIBERS FOR CARBON FIBERS
STRESS GRAPHITIZATION
SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE
THERMAL BLACK
Description of the Terms
Acetylene Black
Description
ACETYLENE BLACK is a special type of CARBON BLACK formed by an exothermic decomposition of acetylene. It is characterized by the highest degree of aggregation and crystalline orientation when compared with all types of CARBON BLACK.
See: CARBON BLACK.
Notes
ACETYLENE BLACK must not be confused with the CARBON BLACK produced as a by‐product during the production of acetylene in the electric arc process.
See:CARBON BLACK.
Acheson Graphite
Description
ACHESON GRAPHITE is a SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE made by the Acheson process.
See: SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE.
Notes
Reference to Acheson in combination with SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE honors the inventor of the first technical GRAPHITIZATION. Today the term ACHESON GRAPHITE, however, is of historical interest only because it no longer covers the plurality of SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE.
See: SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE.
Activated Carbon
Description
ACTIVATED CARBON is a porous CARBON MATERIAL, a CHAR that has been subjected to reaction with gases, sometimes with the addition of chemicals, e.g. ZnCl2, before, during, or after CARBONIZATION in order to increase its adsorptive properties.
See: CARBON MATERIAL, CARBONIZATION, CHAR.
Notes
ACTIVATED CARBONS have a large adsorption capacity, preferably for small molecules, and are used for purification of liquids and gases. By controlling the process of CARBONIZATION and activation, a variety of active carbons having different porosity can be obtained. ACTIVATED CARBONS are used mainly in granular and powdered forms but can also be produced in textile form by controlled CARBONIZATION and activation of textile fibers. Other terms used in the literature are active carbons and active charcoals.
See: CARBONIZATION.
Activated Charcoal
Description
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL is a traditional term for ACTIVATED CARBON.
See: ACTIVATED CARBON.
Agranular Carbon
Description
AGRANULAR CARBON is a monogranular or monolithic CARBON MATERIAL with homogeneous microstructure that does not exhibit any structural components distinguishable by optical microscopy.
See: CARBON MATERIAL.
Notes
The above definition of a homogeneous microstructure does not pertain to pores and structural components of extinction, which may be visible by contrast differences in optical microscopy with polarized light. As a consequence, GLASS‐LIKE CARBON with visible pores is still an AGRANULAR CARBON. The same is true, for instance, for PYROLYTIC CARBON with preferred orientation, such as conical or lamellar structures, visible in optical microscopy with polarized light. The use of the term AGRANULAR CARBON is not restricted to bulk materials of a minimum size. Only PARTICULATE CARBON should be excluded even if the isolated particles exhibit a homogeneous microstructure.
See: GLASS‐LIKE CARBON, PARTICULATE CARBON, PYROLYTIC CARBON.
Amorphous Carbon
Description
AMORPHOUS CARBON is a CARBON MATERIAL without long‐range crystalline order. Short‐range order exists, but with deviations of the interatomic distances and/or interbonding angles with respect to the graphite lattice as well as to the diamond lattice.
See: CARBON MATERIAL, DIAMOND‐LIKE CARBON.
Notes
The term AMORPHOUS CARBON is restricted to the description of CARBON MATERIALS with localized π electrons as described by Anderson [4]. Deviations in the