Psychoeconomics: globalization, markets, crisis. Николай Игнатьевич Конюхов
development more and more frequently. But this quality oscillates, the psychotypes change cyclically. This cyclicity serves as one of the primary causes of the cyclicity in the change of the role and significance of countries in the world economic development. And these cycles are related to cycles of solar activity.
The tendency of synchronization of psychoeconomic phenomena to a crucial degree depends on the growth of the social division of labor.
Thus, globalization has not so far led to uniform changes of the psychotypes of the population of various countries. But here such a unified psychotype began to form in the agents of economic activity who are preoccupied with financial operations.
By virtue of this, in the future, depending on the specified factors, countries will co-exist whose elite is mainly oriented toward the culture of the elite of the country or group of countries that are the leaders of financial operations. This is the economic basis for the increase in these countries in the number of people who are supporters of the compradore bourgeoisie. And here the population of some countries will follow their own path and unify around the national bourgeoisie.
Hence, in these countries the battle between the part of the elite that is oriented toward the compradore bourgeoisie and that part that is oriented toward the national bourgeoisie will grow. And we know from history that the beginning of the fight within the elite leads to the growth of a social struggle, to protest actions of the populace. And in the conditions of globalization, such a struggle will increase the growth of the social division of labor.
3.2. Globalization as a factor in synchronization of protest moods: the key to understanding the present in the past
Historical events related to the mass relocation of people that are strong, distinguished, aspiring to wealth and status but without a way to obtain this at a given point in the country they were born in (due to a limited amount of land, inheritance rights that were passed primarily to the first sons, etc.) have arisen with remarkable periodicity, with the appearance of each new generation prior to creating an economic mechanism for transferring the activity of these people into the economic stream.
That is, before the advent of capitalism. Globalization makes its own adjustments to these processes.
History teaches us that periodically, when discontented but strong and goal-oriented personalities accumulate at the bottom of the social structure of society, they are gotten rid of or advance through social mobility into the upper layers of society. If this does not occur, there are wars, revolutions, rebellions, or changes in power…
Situations have occurred periodically in Europe where some people concentrated at the bottom of the social ladder were ready to do a great deal to increase their status and attain wealth or property through their own efforts and abilities. In practically all European countries in the Middle Ages there was a law whereby land and property would be inherited by the oldest son, while the middle and youngest sons were forced to serve the king or enter a monastery or a religious military order like the Knights Templar, the Hospitallers, etc. With time, the number of ambitious knights, simple people without property, became dangerously large for the secular authorities. Among these people were many who were not inferior to the elite in terms of their own abilities and ambitions, and in fact may have been superior once the third-generation elites came into power. But this is a death sentence, so to speak, for the third-generation elite in a specific country, and the example that raises the question about accepted laws and governance in other countries. What could be done? Either weaken and even fight against the imperious orders, whose members had nothing to lose, even as their militancy grew, or else find a way to appease them. The ingenuity of thought and policy on the part of the ruling class in history was quite sophisticated in this respect.
The Crusades were one of the godsends for periodically meeting the need for property, land, and status of the strong, aggressive, militaristic members of the group with increased belligerence. This satisfaction came not at the expense of the lands of the ruling elite, but rather at the expense of the lands of the representatives of other religions, who could be killed during these conquests. Naturally, these processes were related to the growth of emotionality of the members of the order, with an increase in the hysteroidicity of its members amd with the change in the psychotypes of the population, which was also related to solar activity.
We do not have adequate information about solar activity in the Middle Ages, but we do know that the interval between solar peaks is 11-12 years on average. In any case, we know that succession of psychotypes proceeded over the last two centuries at 11– to 12-year intervals. There is every reason to assume that the Crusades occurred in connection to these cycles.
Because there were no systematic solar observations in the Middle Ages, it is difficult to precisely identify which years were peaks of solar activity, which in turn would allow us to tie the beginning of the Crusades to these peaks. To resolve this problem we will refer to the works of A. Chizhevskii and suppose that the epidemic of self-flagellation in Europe in 1260-1261 corresponded to a solar peak. Self-flagellation by men and women who were almost naked could be nothing other than a psychopathic reaction. It comes to life precisely in a period of increased solar activity. Although the epidemic of self-flagellation started in Italy, it spread quickly throughout Europe. In Chizhevskii’s opinion, this was both a religious and sexual epidemic. It then appears that the previous (seventh) and following (eighth) Crusades were separated by roughly 10-12 years from these events.
If from the existing date we take stretches of time with a lag of 11-12 years, then they fall at the beginning of every Crusade (plus or minus 2-3 years). The later the beginning of a Crusade from 1260, the greater should be the error of our calculation. This coincidence allows us to confirm that the beginning of the Crusades was linked with peaks of solar activity.
The length of each Crusade coincides with the time of activity of people with hysteroid traits. This is presented in the form of a table.
However, the Crusades ran out of steam. They failed. The knights had no desire to continue. To go on more crusades meant to go in search of their own demise. This was recognized by the knights who were potential participants in the Crusades. What was to be done? Either seek out new ways to rid the society of powerful, armed individuals who could potentially seize power and replace the current elite and even get hold of the property of the church, or destroy them. So it was not accidental that after the eighth Crusade, with the passage of time, a new generation of knights with their ambitions and with new leaders who had forgotten or driven from consciousness the lessons of previous defeats, began to be eliminated. In 1307, members of the Order of Templars were seized by order of King Philip IV “the Fair” of France simultaneously throughout the land. They were confined in fortresses, and then killed. The last execution occurred on March 18, 1314. We may state that from the beginning of the Crusades until that date, three 72-year cycles passed. One can insist that this is an accidental coincidence and we may confine ourselves to asserting that the time interval between Crusades was evenly divisible by the number of intervals between solar peaks and coincided with the period of change of generations. It is both possible and necessary to discuss the continuous wars in Europe itself. For us the dependency is important – when the possibility of channeling the activity of people in a protest mood was depleted – their annihilation began, the Crusades began within Europe, wars became more frequent, as did persecutions and killing of non-believers, which at the same time helped to annihilate the protesting part of the population and intimidate those left alive.
After the unsuccessful Crusades it was simply not possible to compel the potentially protesting people, capable of a great deal, to continue. To continually kill those knights who were unwilling was also not so simple (although executions in the Middle Ages functioned to eliminate those who were not submissive, and prevent the emergence of a systemic, armed, organized and efficient opposition).
In this situation, there naturally arose campaigns within Europe itself. These were the Crusades in Finland and Russia (1232-1240), to Smyrna ( (1343 – 1348), against the Ottoman Turks (1396), and campaigns during the Bohemian Wars (1420-1434)… But soon those involved in these Crusades realized their futility. Wealth was no longer acquired in these wars, while the participants were routed. Therefore these campaigns actively began to be replaced