Tuttle Balinese-English Dictionary. Norbert Shadeg

      Signs

      Signs which indicate a consonant that ends a syllable (panganggé tengenan):

      h _{bisah, wisah, wisarga}

      ng _{cekcek, cecek (see nga for the occasions when it is used)}

      r _surang

       _{tengenan, hadeg-hadeg (indicates that the haksara has no vowel)}

      ng _{hulu candra (used only in religious contexts, only over o or m; the learned pronounce o with this sign as om)}

      Punctuation

      Also called pada, pemada (Jav), or palälingga.

      _{carik carik, hadeg-hadeg (please see paragraph five of the section on Balinese writing)}

      _{used before direct speech, after a noun or verb which indicates that someone is speaking}

      _{papanten (indicates the beginning of a prose paragraph or chapter)}

      _{haksara swalita, modré (used at the beginning of a work, especially a poem, and at the end of every stanza of a poem)}

      _{matan titiran hapit carik, pasalinan gaguritan (used at the end of a chapter or prose or the end of a poem; it may be used at the beginning of a poem)}

      _{A device like this may stand on either side of a title of a work; it is also used on either side of the Sanskrit formula with which a piece of writing begins om awighnam astu ‘God, may it be without harm.’}

      Numerals

      Numerals (hangka) are Indian numerals, used exactly the same way Arabic numerals are used

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0

      When the numerals indicate a serial order they have written before and after them.

      A

      a the most frequent Balinese vowel; at the beginning of words it is usually written ha- but in some names, and in S words the symbol for the initial vowel (called akara S) is used (other names: a gora, a wayah).

      a- the S negative prefix, also frequently written ha-.

      -a (=-an, -ang, -in) a suffix referring to the 3ps (sing or pl); it may be (1) the direct object of a trans vb: ngaliha ‘they sought him’ (2) the genitive of the pron: bwahha ‘its fruit’ (3) the suffix indicating the agent of a pass vb: bahana ‘was done, by him.’ -a originally began with h, and is sometimes so written: huningha ‘know it,’ or the h is assimilated to the final consonant of the root, which is then written twice.

      abhara logawa n (=haralagawa) moderation in food, drink, and the use of time.

      adi n (=hadi) younger sister, wife. minakadinyane used (them) as his wives.

      agama n (=gama, hagama) religion, religious law.

      ageng H adj (=agung, hagung) great, large, high (rank).

      agung L adj great, large, high (rank).

      a gora n the name of the letter a when used as an abbr of the five letters sa, ba, ta, a, i, which stand for Siwa.

      ahimsa, ahingsa n abstention from violence (S ahimsa-).

      akara n the name of the letter, and sound a (S).

      akrodha n the religious duty of keeping one's temper (S).

      aku L ps pron I (Jav haku).

      alas duwine ‘the place of the bush (the desert-thor),’ from the story of Moses and the burning bush (Lk).

      alengka n Sri Lanka, Ceylon (S Lanka-, in the Ramayana).

      aljabar n algebra (Arab).

      -an a suffix (originally -han) forming (1) abstract or collective nouns (2) modified adjectives, comparative or intensified (3) some types of verbs.

      anu (=hanu) in hi hanu L, sang hanu H pron an unspecified person, so-and-so; adj ‘a certain’: dina hanu a certain day.

      anugraha n gift, present (S).

      -ang a suffix (originally -hang) added to verbs, making them causative; making denominative verbs from nouns and adjectives (-yang H after a vowel).

      angsoka (hangsoka) n a species of tree valued for its flowers.

      aparamada n careful performance of religious duties and study (S).

      apotik n chemist’s shop (D apoteek).

      arca C n the image, or the golden ornaments, of a god.

      are n a measure of land (D, Fr), 100 square meters.

      arja n properly a dramatic performance, but often only a dance.

      artha n mind.

      astenya n honesty, not stealing or cheating (S).

      atawa K conj (=utawa) or.

      atma n soul, spirit (S atmd-). atmanné his soul.

      a