Essential Korean Grammar. Laura Kingdon
and 어디 eodi.
In writing, you’ll often see these endings as 나? and (으)ㄴ가? such as in a newspaper interview where a reporter is asking questions:
| 뭔가 mwonga | Whatever it is/something | ||
| 언젠가 eonjenga | Whenever it is/sometime | 언제나 eonjena | any time |
| 누군가 nugunga | Whoever it is/someone | 누구나 nuguna | anyone |
| 무언가 mueonga | Whatever it is/something | 무엇이나 mueosina | anything |
| 어딘가 eodinga | Wherever it is/somewhere | 어디나 eodina | anywhere |
EXAMPLE SENTENCES
여자친구가 예쁜가요?
Yeojachinguga yeppeungayo?
Is your girlfriend beautiful?
아버지가 선생님인가요?
Abeojiga seonsaengnimingayo?
Is your father a teacher?
어디로 가야 하나요?
Eodiro gaya hanayo?
Where must I go?
쓰레기 봉투가 있나요?
Sseuregi bongtuga innayo?
Do you have trash bags?
어제 숙제를 했나요?
Eoje sukjereul haennayo?
Did you do your homework yesterday?
And: Basic Forms
These are all added to the ends of nouns and are fairly easy to use.
Somewhat counterintuitively, 와 goes with words ending in vowels and 과 goes with words ending in consonants. They both simply mean “and” and can also be used to mean “together with,” depending on the context. When used to mean “together with,” they are often paired with either 같이 gachi or 함께 hamkke, but you can leave these out, unless you really need to clarify the context.
매운 음식과 짠 음식을 좋아해요.
Maeun eumsikgwa jjan eumsigeul joahaeyo.
I like spicy foods and salty foods.
홍대와 이태원에 술집이 많아요.
Hongdaewa Itaewone suljibi manayo.
There are many bars in Hongdae and Itaewon.
친구와 같이 영화 봤어요.
Chinguwa gachi yeonghwa bwasseoyo.
I saw a movie with a friend.
These have exactly the same meaning as 와/과; in other words, “and” or “together with.” They are somewhat more colloquial, but otherwise the same. 이랑 is used after vowels and 랑 after consonants.
매운 음식이랑 짠 음식을 좋아해요.
Maeun eumsigirang jjan eumsigeul joahaeyo.
I like spicy foods and salty foods.
홍대랑 이태원에 술집이 많아요.
Hongdaerang Itaewone suljibi manayo.
There are many bars in Hongdae and Itaewon.
친구랑 같이 영화 봤어요.
Chingurang gachi yeonghwa bwasseoyo.
I saw a movie with a friend.
하고 is used the same way as 와/과 and 랑/이랑.
매운 음식하고 짠 음식을 좋아해요.
Maeun eumsikhago jjan eumsigeul joahaeyo.
I like spicy foods and salty foods.
홍대하고 이태원에 술집이 많아요.
Hongdaehago Itaewone suljibi manayo.
There are many bars in Hongdae and Itaewon.
친구하고 같이 영화 봤어요.
Chinguhago gachi yeonghwa bwasseoyo.
I saw a movie with a friend.
This is just another short, simple way to say “and.” You can use (이)며 as many times as you’d like in a sentence; just put it after each noun you want to list, including the last one. Since it follows nouns, there’s no need to worry about any kind of conjugation. I’ve changed the third example since 며 can’t be used to mean “together with,” but can be used for any kind of list. 며 follows nouns ending in vowels and 이며 follows nouns ending in consonants.
매운 음식이며 짠 음식이며 좋아해요.
Maeun eumsigimyeo jjan eumsigimyeo joahaeyo.
I like spicy foods and salty foods.
홍대며 이태원이며 갔어요.
Hongdaemyeo Itaewonimyeo gasseoyo.
I went to Hongdae and Itaewon.
민수며 가영이며 같이 영화 봤어요.
Minsumyeo Kayeongimyeo gachi yeonghwa bwasseoyo.
I saw a movie with Minsu and Kayoung.
This is not exactly a form of “and,” but I’m including it in this section anyway because it combines things in order to make a group and it’s very useful to know. It means “a group of ~” or “among ~” and is attached to the end of nouns.
친구끼리 chingukkiri a group of friends, among friends
우리끼리 urikkiri our group, among ourselves
학생끼리 haksaengkkiri a group of students, among students
우리끼리 먼저 갈게요. Urikkiri meonjeo galgeyo.
Our group will go first.
아이들끼리 놀고 있어요. A-i-deulkkiri nolgo isseoyo.
The children are playing amongst themselves.
And (So On, and So On...)
Sometimes two is not enough and you want to go on and on—how is this done in Korean?