Essential Korean Grammar. Laura Kingdon
트럭에다가 실었어요.
Geugeoseul teureogedaga sireo-sseoyo.
He put it in the truck.
큰 그릇에다 밀가루와 물을 넣으세요.
Keun geureuseda milgaruwa mureul neo-eu-seyo.
Put flour and water into a big bowl.
민수가 늦었을 뿐만 아니라 음식도 가지고 오지 않았어요.
Minsuga neujeosseul ppunman anira eumsikdo gajigo oji anasseoyo.
민수가 늦었을 뿐더러 음식도 가지고 오지 않았어요.
Minsuga neujeosseul ppundeoreo eumsikdo gajigo oji anasseoyo.
Minsu was late. He also didn’t bring any food.
(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 is a very common expression which is quite simple to use, and it essentially means “not just A, but also B”. (으)ㄹ 뿐더러 is less common than ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 and not really used these days except by older people, but you may as well learn them together since they’re similarly formed and have exactly the same meaning.
HOW IT’S FORMED
We’re going to discuss 뿐 later on, on page 337. It’s an expression used to limit something: to say that there was only one instance of it. 만 is another limiting expression which means “only.” 아니라 is an expression on its own (see page 118) which negates what’s before it and asserts what’s after it.
HOW IT’S CONJUGATED
| Past | Present | Future | ||
| Action verbs ending in a vowel | 하다 | 했을 뿐만 아니라 haesseul ppunman anira했을 뿐더러 haesseul ppundeoreo | 할 뿐만 아니라 hal ppunman anira할 뿐더러 hal ppundeoreo | 할 뿐만 아니라할 뿐더러 |
| Action verbs ending in a consonant | 먹다 | 먹었을 뿐만 아니라 meogeosseul ppunman anira먹었을 뿐더러 meogeosseul ppundeoreo | 먹을 뿐만 아니라 meogeul ppunman anira먹을 뿐더러 meogeul ppundeoreo | 먹을 뿐만 아니라먹을 뿐더러 |
| Descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a vowel | 예쁘다 | 예뻤을 뿐만 아니라 yeppeosseul ppunman anira예뻤을 뿐더러 yeppeosseul ppundeoreo | 예쁠 뿐만 아니라 yeppeul ppunman anira예쁠 뿐더러 yeppeul ppundeoreo | 예쁠 뿐만 아니라예쁠 뿐더러 |
| Descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a consonant | 작다 | 작았을 뿐만 아니라 jagasseul ppunman anira작았을 뿐더러 jagasseul ppundeoreo | 작을 뿐만 아니라 jageul ppunman anira작을 뿐더러 jageul ppundeoreo | 작을 뿐만 아니라작을 뿐더러 |
| Nouns ending in a vowel | 남자 | 남자 뿐만 아니라 namja ppunman anira | 남자 뿐만 아니라 | 남자 뿐만 아니라 |
| Nouns ending in a consonant | 물 | 물 뿐만 아니라 mul ppunman anira | 물 뿐만 아니라 | 물 뿐만 아니라 |
TAKE NOTE
(으)ㄹ 뿐더러 (eu)r ppundeoreo is not used after nouns.
Since these expressions are used for adding two things together, you can’t have a positive statement in A and a negative one in B. Your expressions must either be both positive or both negative. In fact, 뿐더러 can’t be used with positive statements at all.
그 애는 예쁠 뿐만 아니라 공부도 잘해요.
Geu aeneun yeppeul ppunman anira gongbudo jalhaeyo. (acceptable)
That child is not only pretty, but she also studies well.
그 애는 공부를 못할 뿐만 아니라 놀기도 못해요.
Geu aeneun gongbureul mothal ppunman anira nolgido mothaeyo. (acceptable)
Not only does that child not study well, but he can’t even play.
그 애는 예쁠 뿐더러 착해요.
Geu aeneun yeppeul ppundeoreo chakhaeyo. (ungrammatical)
That child is both pretty and kind.
그 애는 공부를 잘할 뿐더러 놀기도 잘해요.
Geu aeneun gongbureul jalhal ppundeoreo nolgido jalhaeyo. (ungrammatical)
That child not only studies well, but also plays well.
그 애는 공부를 못 할 뿐더러 예쁘지도 않아요.
Geu aeneun gongbureul mothal ppundeoreo yeppeujido anayo. (acceptable)
Not only does that child not study well, she’s not even pretty.
There is commonly a 도 after the noun in clause B, and that 도 means “too.” See the examples below.
EXAMPLE SENTENCES
맛있어 보일 뿐만 아니라 냄새도 좋아요.
Mas-isseo bo-il ppunman anira naemsaedo joayo.
맛있어 보일 뿐더러 냄새도 좋아요.
Mas-isseo bo-il ppundeoreo naemsaedo joayo.
It not only looks delicious, but it smells good too.
그는 축구 뿐만 아니라 농구도 잘 해요.
Geuneun chukgu ppunman anira nonggudo jal haeyo.
축구를 잘 할 뿐더러 농구도 잘 해요.
Chukgureul jal hal ppundeoreo nonggudo jal haeyo.
He is not only good at soccer, but also at basketball.
민수가 물은 물론 음식도 가지고 오지 않았어요.
Minsuga mureun mullon eumsikdo gajigo oji anasseoyo.
Minsu didn’t bring any water or food.
물론 means “of course,” but not here. Taken as a whole, this phrase is yet another way to express “not just A, but also B.” In other words, it’s very much like (으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 (eu)r ppunman anira, but much less common.
HOW IT’S CONJUGATED
| All tenses | ||
| Nouns ending in a vowel | 남자 | 남자는 물론 namjaneun mullon |
| Nouns ending in a consonant | 물 | 물은 물론 mureun mullon |
TAKE NOTE
Don’t confuse 물은 with 물론 (“of course”). 물론 by itself is more commonly found at the beginning or sometimes at the end of sentences, and is an adverb that stands on its own. You can tell them apart by the (으)ㄴ/는 before 물론 in this expression and by context.
This is interchangeable with 뿐만 아니라 ppunman anira and 뿐더러 ppundeoreo (see page 55), but it’s fairly uncommon.
EXAMPLE