Essential Korean Grammar. Laura Kingdon

      This is the most basic way to say “or” when you’re talking about verbs. Put it after each of two verbs to mean “A or B.” You don’t need any past tense markers on your verbs; the verb at the end of your sentence tells people all they need to know about when it happened. What you’re really doing here is changing a verb into a noun using (으)ㄴ/는 것, adding 이나 (see page 60), and then shrinking the whole expression to 거나.

      수영하거나 자전거를 타거나

      suyeonghageona jajeongeoreul tageona

      go swimming or go biking

      영화를 보거나 쇼핑을 하거나

      yeonghwareul bogeona syopingeul hageona

      see a movie or go shopping

      커피를 마시거나 식사를 하거나 할까요?

      Keopireul masigeona siksareul hageona halkkayo?

      Shall we drink coffee or eat dinner?

      지금 은행에 가거나 내일 인터넷 뱅킹을 하거나 해야 해요.

      Jigeum eunhaenge gageona naeil inteonet baengkingeul hageona haeya haeyo.

      I have to either go to the bank now or log on to online banking tomorrow.

      You can use A거나 말거나 geona malgeona B to say that whether or not you do A, B will happen.

      서두르거나 말거나 늦을 거예요.

      Seodureugeona malgeona neujeul geoyeyo.

      Whether you hurry or not, you’ll be late.

      아이들이 듣거나 말거나 선생님은 계속 말했어요.

      A-i-deuri deutgeona malgeona seonsaengnimeun gyesok malhaesseoyo.

      Whether or not the children were listening, the teacher kept talking.

      그녀가 예쁘거나 말거나, 저는 그녀를사랑해요.

      Geunyeoga yeppeugeona malgeona, jeoneun geunyeoreulsaranghaeyo.

      Whether or not she’s beautiful, I love her.

      This can best be translated as “or something” as in “Do you want to get some coffee or something?” It implies that “something” is not necessarily the first choice, but it will do.

      커피라도 먹을래요?

      Keopirado meogeullaeyo?

      Do you want to get some coffee or something? (I don’t really care if we get coffee or something else.)

      이번 주말에 부산이라도 갈까요?

      Ibeon jumare Busanirado galkkayo?

      Shall we go to Busan or something this weekend? (I’m not that excited about Busan, but I’d like to go somewhere.)

      이거라도 주세요.

      Igeorado juseyo.

      Just give me this one. (It’s not my first choice, but it’ll do.)

      It can also be used after question words like 누구, 언제, nugu, eonje, or 어디 eodi or after 아무 amu to mean “any.”

      누구라도

      nugurado

      anyone

      아무라도

      amurado

      anyone

      언제라도

      eonjerado

      any time

      어디라도

      eodirado

      anywhere (used only with 가다, 오다 and other verbs of motion)

      어디에서라도

      eodieseorado

      anywhere

      무엇이라도

      mueosirado

      whatever

      아무거라도

      amugeorado

      anything

      누구라도 갈 수 있어요.

      Nugurado gal su isseoyo.

      Anyone can go.

      언제라도 할 수 있어요.

      Eonjerado hal su isseoyo.

      We can do it any time.

      어디에서라도 하면 돼요.

      Eodi-e-seorado hamyeon dwaeyo.

      We can do it anywhere.

      아무라도 주세요.

      Amurado juseyo

      Just give me anything.

      무엇이라도 주세요.

      Mueosirado juseyo.

      Just give me whatever.

      This goes after nouns or verbs and means that either A or B is fine. It’s the same as 거나. When used after verbs, it is always in the form A든지 B든지 and can be used after 았/었/였 if your sentence is in the past tense. After nouns, you should use (이)든지: 남자든지 여자든지 namjadeunji yeojadeunji or 물이든지 불이든지 murideunji burideunji.

      You can also shorten the entire expression to A든 B든 or use A든지 안 A든지, A든지 말든지, or A든지 못 A든지.

      커피를 마시든지 식사를 하든지 할까요?

      Keopireul masideunji siksareul hadeunji halkkayo?

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