Essential Korean Grammar. Laura Kingdon

Essential Korean Grammar - Laura Kingdon


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together because they’re quite similar. A말고 B and A외에B mean “not just A, but B.”

      HOW IT’S FORMED

      말다 is a verb that means “to not be,” and appears in many other expressions such as 할까 말까 (to do it or not to do it). 외 means “outside” and so 외에 refers to the something outside another thing. An equivalent English expression would be, “other than” or “aside from that.” The person in the example sentences above is good at soccer (and other than/aside from that) basketball. 도 is used here as an intensifier; see above for how it alters the expression.

      HOW IT’S CONJUGATED

PastPresentFuture
Action verbs ending in a vowel하다한 것(이) 말고(도) han geos(i) malgo(do)한 것(이) 외에(도) han geos(i) oe-e(do)하는 것(이) 말고(도) haneun geos(i) malgo(do)하는 것(이) 외에(도) haneun geos(i) oe-e(do)하는 것(이) 말고(도) 할 것(이) 말고(도) hal geos(i) malgo(do)하는 것(이) 외에(도) 할 것(이) 외에(도) hal geos(i) oe-e(do)
Action verbs ending in a consonant먹다먹은 것(이) 말고(도) meogeun geos(i) malgo(do)먹은 것(이) 외에(도) meogeun geos(i) oe-e(do)먹는 것(이) 말고(도) meokneun geos(i) malgo(do)먹는 것(이) 외에(도) meokneun geos(i) oe-e(do)먹는 것(이) 말고(도) 먹을 것(이) 말고(도) meogeul geos(i) malgo(do)먹는 것(이) 외에(도) 먹을 것(이) 외에(도) meogeul geos(i) oe-e(do)
Descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a vowel예쁘다예쁜 것(이) 말고(도) yeppeun geos(i) malgo(do)예쁜 것(이) 외에(도) yeppeun geos(i) oe-e(do)예쁜 것(이) 말고(도) 예쁜 것(이) 외에(도)예쁜 것(이) 말고(도) 예쁜 것(이) 외에(도)
Descriptive verbs (adjectives) ending in a consonant작다작은 것(이) 말고(도) jageun geos(i) malgo(do)작은 것(이) 외에(도) jageun geos(i) oe-e(do)작은 것(이) 말고(도) 작은 것(이) 외에(도)작은 것(이) 말고(도) 작은 것(이) 외에(도)
Nouns ending in a vowel남자남자 말고(도) namja malgo(do)남자 외에(도) namja oe-e(do)남자 말고(도) 남자 외에(도)남자 말고(도) 남자 외에(도)
Nouns ending in a consonant물 말고(도) mul malgo(do)물 외에(도) mul oe-e(do)물 말고(도) 물 외에(도)물 말고(도) 물 외에(도)

      TAKE NOTE

      If you put 도 on the end, the expression changes a little. In this case your B clause should be something very general and broader than your A clause.

      EXAMPLE SENTENCES

      ■ A말고/외에 B

      민수가 똑똑하는 것이 말고 잘 생긴 것이에요.

      Minsuga ttokttokhaneun geosi malgo jal saenggin geosieyo.

      민수가 똑똑하는 것이 외에 잘 생긴 것이에요.

      Minsuga ttokttokhaneun geosi oe-e jal saenggin geosieyo.

      Minsu is not just smart, but he is also handsome.

      맛있어 보인 것이 말고 냄새도 좋은 것이에요.

      Mas-isseo boin geosi malgo naemsaedo joeun geosieyo.

      맛있어 보인 것이 외에 냄새도 좋은 것이에요.

      Mas-isseo boin geosi oe-e naemsaedo joeun geosieyo.

      It not only looks delicious, but it smells good too.

      ■ A말고도/외에도 B

      민수가 똑똑하는 것이 말고도 좋은 점이 많아요.

      Minsuga ttokttokhaneun geosi malgodo joeun jeomi manayo.

      민수가 똑똑하는 것이 외에도 좋은 점이 많아요.

      Minsuga ttokttokhaneun geosi oe-e-do joeun jeomi manayo.

      Minsu is not just smart, but he has many good qualities too.

      맛있어 보인 것이 말고도 음식이 많아요.

      Mas-isseo boin geosi malgodo eumsigi manayo.

      맛있어 보인 것이 외에도 음식이 많아요.

      Mas-isseo boin geosi oe-e-do eumsigi manayo.

      It not only looks delicious, but there’s also lots of it.

      그는 축구 말고도 스포츠를 다 잘 해요.

      Geuneun chukgu malgodo seupo-cheureul da jal haeyo.

      그는 축구 외에도 스포츠를 다 잘 해요.

      Geuneun chukgu oe-e-do seupo-cheureul da jal haeyo.

      He is not only good at soccer, but also at all sports.

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      This is the most easy, simple, basic way to say “or” in Korean. It goes between two nouns and means “A or B.”

      커피나 차

      keopina cha

      coffee or tea

      지하철이나 택시

      jihacheolina taeksi

      subway or taxi

      야구나 축구를 할까요?

      Yaguna chukgureul halkkayo?

      Shall we play baseball or soccer?

      가영이나 혜진을 만났어요?

      Kayoungina Hyejineul mannasseoyo?

      Did you meet Kayoung or Hyejin?

      “스타 워즈”나 “스타 트렉” 을 보고 싶어요.

      Seuta Wojeuna Seuta Teurekeul bogo sipeoyo.

      I want to watch Star Wars or Star Trek.

      If you just use (이)나 by itself after a noun without another noun, it means “or something.” You can also use (이)나마 (i)nama, which has the same meaning and implies that whatever is being offered isn’t the best choice, but it’ll do.

      커피나 마실래요?

      Keopina masillaeyo?

      Shall we drink some coffee or something?

      책이나 읽고 싶어요.

      Chaegina ilggo sipeoyo.

      I want to read a book or something.

      책이 없으니까 민수 책이나마 보세요.

      Chaegi eobseunikka Minsu chaeginama boseyo.

      Since you have no book, you can look at Minsu’s.

      김 선생님을 찾지 못하면 이메일이나마 쓰세요.

      Kim seonsaengnimeul chatji mothamyeon imeilinama sseuseyo.

      If you can’t


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