Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary. Torald Hermann Sollmann
Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).—AgNO3 toughened by the addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.
White, hard pencils or cones.
Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.—Ag2O.
A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste. Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably inefficient.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P. (Arnica Flowers).
Action and Uses: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient of the tincture is probably its alcohol.
Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica, N.F.—Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P.—Arnica (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
Arseni Iodidum (Arsen. Iod.), Arsenous Iodide, U.S.P. (Arsenic Iodide).—AsI3.
An orange-red, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:12) with partial decomposition; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Similar to those of arsenic trioxide, over which it has no advantage.
Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).
*Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Liq. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iod.), Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P. (Donovan’s Solution).—Arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide (each 1%) in water.
Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1–½ minims (U.S.P.).
*Arseni Trioxidum (Arsen. Triox.), Arsenic Trioxide, U.S.P. (Arsenous Acid, Arsenous Oxide, White Arsenic).—As2O3.
Amorphous, glassy masses or white, crystalline masses or powder. Slowly soluble in water (about 1:100), slightly soluble in alcohol and ether and freely soluble in glycerine. Readily dissolved by hydrochloric acid or by alkaline solutions.
Action and Uses: Believed to modify nutrition. Used as tonic in anemias, nervous diseases, etc., in skin diseases and in some forms of malaria. Externally, a mild escharotic, but the danger of poisoning prevents its general use. Likely to produce nephritis. A very common poison.
Dosage: 0.002 Gm. or ⅓0 grain (U.S.P.), in pills or solutions.
*Liquor Acidi Arsenosi (Liq. Acid. Arsen.), Solution of Arsenous Acid, U.S.P. (Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic, “Solution of Arsenic Chloride”).—Arsenic trioxide (1%) in diluted hydrochloric acid (5%) and water.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.
*Asafoetida (Asafoet.), Asafetida, U.S.P. (Gum Asafetida).—A gum resin.
Should be 60% soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used as a carminative and also in the treatment of hysteria, the action being psychic.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.
Emulsum Asafoetidae (Emuls. Asafoet.), Emulsion of Asafetida, U.S.P. (Milk of Asafetida).—Asafetida (4%) in water.
Uses: Used especially as enema in tympanites.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Pilulae Asafoetidae (Pil. Asafoet.), Pills of Asafetida, U.S.P.—Each pill contains asafoetida (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains), and soap.
Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Asafoetidae (Tr. Asafoet.), Tincture of Asafetida, U.S.P.—Asafetida (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 81 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Asarum (Asar.) Asarum, N.F. (Canada Snake-Root. Wild Ginger).—Rhizome.
Action and Uses: Carminative and flavor; similar to but without advantage over ginger.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Syrupus Asari Compositus (Syr. Asar. Co.), Compound Syrup of Asarum, N.F.—Asarum (6.2%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), alcohol, cochineal and potassium carbonate in syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Asclepias (Asclep.), Asclepias, N.F. (Pleurisy Root).
Action and Uses: Obsolete domestic remedy for pleurisy, also used as diaphoretic. Probably without value.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Asclepiadis (Fldext. Asclepiad.), Fluidextract of Asclepias, N.F.—Asclepias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
*Aspidium (Aspidium), Aspidium, U.S.P. (Male Fern).—The rhizome of certain ferns.
Action and Uses: Used as a teniacide in the form of oleoresin.
*Oleoresina Aspidii (Oleores. Aspid.), Oleoresin of Aspidium, U.S.P. (Oleoresin of Male Fern).
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (total dose in a day, U.S.P.), which may be given singly or in repeated, divided doses, at intervals of fifteen minutes, in capsules containing 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains, or in emulsion. Larger doses may be given to robust persons. Special caution is necessary in giving it to anemic or debilitated persons. The patient should be prepared by a light diet or fasting for twenty-four hours. The drug should be given early in the morning, preceded by a saline cathartic, and the last dose followed in three hours by a saline laxative. Caution:—Castor oil or other fixed oils should not be used in connection with oleoresin of aspidium, as they favor the absorption of the active principle.
Aspidosperma (Aspidosp.), Aspidosperma, U.S.P. (Quebracho).—A bark.
Action and Uses: Has been recommended in dyspneic conditions. Value doubtful.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Aspidospermatis (Fldext. Aspidosp.), Fluidextract of Aspidosperma, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Quebracho).—Aspidosperma (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
*Atropina (Atrop.), Atropine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from belladonna and some other plants of the nightshade family.
A white, odorless powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:455), but freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).
Action and Uses: Atropine and the related alkaloids paralyze the parasympathetic endings. They are used especially as mydriatics and cycloplegics, to suppress secretions, as in gastric hyperacidity, and to quicken the heart, regulate peristalsis, lessen bronchial spasm, etc.
Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).
Oleatum Atropinae (Oleat. Atrop.), Oleate of Atropine, N.F.—Atropine (2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.
*Atropinae Sulphas (Atrop. Sulph.), Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P.
White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:5).
Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).
Aurantii Amari Cortex (Aurant. Amar. Cort.), Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.
Action and Uses: Aromatic bitter stomachic, used principally as a flavoring.
Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari (Fldext. Aurant. Amar.), Fluidextract of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Bitter orange peel (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
Tinctura Aurantii Amari (Tr. Aurant. Amar.), Tincture of Bitter Orange