Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary. Torald Hermann Sollmann
For infants, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Angelicae Fructus (Angel. Fruct.), Angelica Fruit, N.F. (Angelica Seed).
Action and Uses: Aromatic stomachic and carminative; without advantage over gentian.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Angelicae Radix (Angel. Rad.), Angelica Root, N.F.
Action and Uses: Stimulating expectorant; without advantage over tolu.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Angelicae Radicis (Fldext. Angel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Angelica Root, N.F.—Angelica root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Anisum (Anis.), Anise, U.S.P. (Aniseed).
Action and Uses: Carminative. (See Oleum Anisi).
*Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Antim. et Pot. Tart.), Antimony and Potassium Tartrate, U.S.P. (Antimonyl Potassium Tartrate, Tartrated Antimony, Tartar Emetic).
A white, odorless powder with a sweet, metallic taste. Soluble in water (1:12) and in glycerin (1:15); insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Nauseant expectorant and emetic. Emetic doses and the prolonged use of expectorant doses are somewhat dangerous. Externally, a pustulant.
Dosage: Expectorant, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), in solution. It is best to begin with small doses (0.001 Gm. or ⅙0 grain) which may be repeated hourly, care being taken to avoid too great depression.
Vinum Antimonii (Vin. Antimon.), Wine of Antimony, N.F.—Antimony and potassium tartrate (0.4%), in water and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Antimonii Oxidum (Antim. Oxid.), Antimony Oxide, N.F.—Antimonous oxide, Sb2O3.
A white or grayish-white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Obsolete nauseant, emetic and cathartic. Action uncertain and possibly toxic.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).
Pulvis Antimonialis (Pulv. Antimon.), Antimonial Powder, N.F. (James’ Powder).—Antimonous oxide (33%) and precipitated calcium phosphate.
Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
Antimonium Sulphuratum (Antim. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Antimony, N.F. (Antimonium Oxysulphuratum, Kermes Mineral).—Chiefly antimony trisulphide, Sb2S3.
A red-brown, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Mineral cathartic, without advantage over calomel. Has no special action on the bile, as was formerly supposed.
Pilulae Antimonii Compositae (Pil. Antimon. Co.), Compound Pills of Antimony, N.F. (Plummer’s Pills).—Each pill contains sulphurated antimony and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.04 Gm. or ⅔ grain), guaiac (0.08 Gm. or 1–⅓ grains), and castor oil.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
*Antipyrina (Antipyr.), Antipyrine, U.S.P. (Phenazone, Phenyldimethylpyrazolon).
White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:1.3).
Action and Uses: Antipyretic and analgesic, similar to acetanilid.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution, given with even greater caution than acetanilid and acetphenetidin.
Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F. (Celery Seed).
Action and Uses: Domestic emmenagogue, depending for its action on the volatile oil.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of Celery Fruit, N.F.—Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F. (Canadian Hemp).—Rhizome and roots.
Action and Uses: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group; unreliable as to rate of absorption.
Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum, N.F. (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).—Apocynum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.
Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).
*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Apomorphine Chloride).
White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air, odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50) and in alcohol (1:50).
Action and Uses: Prompt, centrally acting emetic, especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely used as nauseant expectorant.
Dosage: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or ½0 grain (U.S.P.). Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis. From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or ⅙0 to ⅓0 grain, repeated once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth (hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or ⅙ grain (U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals until effective, but it should be remembered that in some cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing vomiting.
*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.—H2O.
Action and Uses: Solvent. The ingestion of large amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.
*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P.—Water obtained by distillation.
Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled Water, U.S.P.—Should be used within forty-eight hours after its preparation.
AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.—The official aromatic waters are aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For preparations included in this list see under the names of the principal constituents. For the following, see under the names of the respective oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and Aqua Menthae Viridis.
Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F. (American Spikenard, Spignet).—Rhizome and roots.
Action and Uses: Obsolete irritant, diaphoretic and “alterative.” Probably without value.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia, N.F.—Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.—AgNO3.
Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter, metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic matter.
Action and Uses: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic and germicide; internally as an astringent.
Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or ⅙ grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled water should be used in making the solutions.
*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit.